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Toolesboro Indian Mounds: Echoes of Iowa's Hopewell Culture

Explore ancient burial mounds built by the Hopewell people between 200 BC and 300 AD at this National Historic Landmark in Iowa.

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The Toolesboro Indian Mounds, a National Historic Landmark in southeast Iowa, protect seven burial mounds constructed between 100 BC and AD 200 by the Hopewell people. The site offers a glimpse into the lives and burial practices of this ancient culture, with two mounds visible near the visitor center and the remaining five located in an adjacent wooded area.

A brief summary to Toolesboro Indian Mounds

Local tips

  • Visit the Educational Center to view exhibits of artifacts found at the site and learn more about the Hopewell culture.
  • Explore the prairie demonstration plot to see examples of the native plants that once thrived in the area.
  • Remember that the burial mounds are protected by law and should not be walked on or disturbed.
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Getting There

  • Car

    From Wapello, head north on Toolesboro Road/County Road G40 for approximately 4 miles. The Toolesboro Indian Mounds will be located on your right at 6568 Toolesboro Ave. Parking is available on site. There is no fee to visit the mounds.

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Discover more about Toolesboro Indian Mounds

The Toolesboro Indian Mounds stand as a significant testament to Iowa's Hopewell culture, a Middle Woodland group who inhabited the region from around 200 BC to AD 400. These people were known for their distinctive burial practices, which involved constructing large, conical earthen mounds to inter high-status individuals along with exotic trade goods. The mounds at Toolesboro, located on a bluff overlooking the Iowa River near its confluence with the Mississippi, are among the best-preserved and most accessible remnants of this culture in Iowa. Originally, there may have been as many as twelve mounds at the Toolesboro site, but settlement and excavation have reduced the number to seven. Today, visitors can explore the grounds, with two mounds visible near the Educational Center. The remaining five are located in a nearby woodlot, set apart by a wire fence. One of the maintained mounds, known as Mound 2, is thought to be the largest Hopewell mound in Iowa, measuring 100 feet in diameter and 8 feet in height. The Hopewell people who built these mounds were skilled hunters, gatherers, and gardeners. They established villages along rivers and streams and developed an extensive trading network that stretched across much of North America. Artifacts discovered within the mounds, such as copper from Lake Superior, shells from the Gulf of Mexico, and obsidian from the Yellowstone area, attest to their far-reaching connections. While the precise reasons for the decline of the Hopewell culture around 500 AD remain unclear, their legacy lives on through these remarkable earthworks. The Toolesboro Mounds site was donated to the state of Iowa in 1963 by the family of George H. Mosier. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966, and the Educational Center was constructed in 1969. Today, the State Historical Society of Iowa manages the site, offering visitors a chance to learn about the Hopewell culture and the significance of these ancient burial mounds.

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