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Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site: A Civil War Turning Point

Witness the site where African-American soldiers first engaged in Civil War combat, a pivotal moment in American history and the fight for equality.

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Commemorating the first Civil War battle where African-American troops engaged the enemy, this Missouri site preserves 'Fort Africa,' the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry's headquarters, offering trails and exhibits amid a peaceful setting.

A brief summary to Battle Of Island Mound State Historic Site

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes to explore the Courage Trail and surrounding prairie.
  • Visit in the spring or fall for pleasant weather and beautiful scenery.
  • Check the Missouri State Parks website for upcoming events, such as historical reenactments or wildflower walks.
  • Bring a picnic to enjoy at the open picnic shelter, reflecting on the history of the site.
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Getting There

  • Driving

    Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site is located approximately 8 miles southwest of Butler, Missouri. From Butler, take State Highway K south, then turn west onto NW County Road 1002 (also called Marth Road). The site is located at the junction of County Road 1002 and County Road 5001 (also called Cooper Road). Parking is available on-site. There are no fees for parking or entry.

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Discover more about Battle Of Island Mound State Historic Site

The Battle of Island Mound State Historic Site, located in rural Bates County, Missouri, marks a pivotal moment in American Civil War history. It was here, on October 28-29, 1862, that African-American soldiers, the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry, first engaged Confederate troops in battle. This event, though a minor skirmish, held national significance, proving the valor and fighting ability of Black soldiers, who were largely former slaves seeking freedom. The historic site encompasses a 40-acre area that includes the Toothman Farm, commandeered by the Union troops and renamed “Fort Africa”. Today, visitors can walk the grounds where the 1st Kansas camped and prepared for battle. The.5-mile “Courage Trail” winds through prairie grasses and wildflowers, offering interpretive exhibits detailing the battle and its significance. The site is part of the Freedom's Frontier National Heritage Area and the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. The Battle of Island Mound occurred when Union forces sought to clear Confederate guerrillas from their base on Hog Island in the Osage River. Outnumbered by Confederate forces, the Black soldiers fought with tenacity, ultimately leading to a Union victory. A New York Times correspondent at the time lauded the “desperate bravery” of the African-American troops. Though the battle was initially forgotten, renewed interest and historical research have brought its importance to light, honoring the courage and sacrifice of these soldiers.

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