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Tsodilo Hills: Louvre of the Desert

Explore ancient rock art and spiritual heritage at Tsodilo Hills, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the heart of the Kalahari Desert.

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Rising dramatically from the Kalahari Desert, the Tsodilo Hills are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a sacred place for the San and Hambukushu people. This mystical site boasts over 4,500 ancient rock paintings, some dating back 20,000 years, offering a glimpse into the spiritual beliefs and daily life of early humans.

A brief summary to Tsodilo Hills (World Heritage Site)

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Local tips

  • Hire a local guide from the nearby villages to learn about the history, legends, and personal stories of the San people.
  • Visit during the cooler months (April to September) for a more comfortable hiking experience.
  • Bring plenty of water and sunscreen, as the sun can be harsh.
  • A 4x4 vehicle is recommended to navigate the dirt roads leading to the hills.
  • Respect the site's sanctity as it is a sacred place for the local communities.
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Getting There

  • Driving

    From Maun, take the A3 to the A35, then turn onto the Sehithwa-Shakawe road towards Tsodilo Hills. The turning off the main Maun/Shakawe road is just south of Sepupa and is indicated with a National Museum signpost. The Tsodilo Hills are 40 km (4 hours) from Shakawe on an extremely rough dirt road. A 4x4 vehicle is recommended. Note: There are no ATMs or banks in Shakawe, so bring enough cash for entrance fees, guide services, and camping fees. Entrance fees for day visitors aged 15 and up is 50 Botswana Pula (approximately $4 USD). Children aged 2 to 10 are P10 per visit. Guided tours for the Rhino Trail cost P120. Payment must be made in cash.

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Discover more about Tsodilo Hills (World Heritage Site)

Tsodilo Hills, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2001, is a captivating destination in northwestern Botswana, often called the "Louvre of the Desert" due to its remarkable collection of rock art. Rising from the Kalahari scrub bush, these quartzite formations have been inhabited for over 100,000 years, holding immense cultural and spiritual significance for the San and Hambukushu people. The hills comprise four main formations: the Male Hill, the highest point in Botswana at 1,400 meters AMSL; the Female Hill; the Child Hill; and an unnamed knoll. The San believe the hills are a resting place for ancestral spirits, and their rock art serves as a connection to their ancestors and a repository of their cultural history. The hills are believed to be the site of the first Creation. Exploring the hills reveals thousands of rock paintings, created over generations, depicting animals, human figures, and geometric designs. The red paintings are attributed to the San people, while the white paintings are associated with Bantu peoples. The Rhino Trail, Lion Trail, and Cliff Trail offer ideal routes to view the landscape and rock paintings. The Tsodilo Museum provides information on the paintings and the cultural significance of the hills. Archaeological research estimates that Tsodilo has been inhabited for the past 100,000 years, making this one of the world's oldest historical sites. Pottery, iron, glass beads, shell beads, carved bone, and stone tools dating back over 90,000 years have been discovered. The Early Iron Age Site at Tsodilo, called Divuyu, dates back to between 700 and 900 AD.

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