Bornholm

Baltic Island with a Distinct Danish Soul

Bornholm sits alone in the Baltic Sea, east of the rest of Denmark and south of Sweden, yet it feels intensely Danish in its villages, language and culture. The island measures just under 600 square kilometres, but gathers together rocky headlands, deep forests and soft southern beaches into a landscape that feels like a miniature country. Its main town, Rønne, is the island’s informal capital and maritime gateway, while smaller coastal communities such as Gudhjem, Svaneke, Allinge and Nexø string themselves around natural harbours and sheltered bays. The island is often nicknamed Denmark’s "sunshine island" thanks to its relatively high number of clear days and long, bright summers. That favourable climate not only draws holidaymakers to the sea but has shaped local agriculture, from grain fields and livestock to orchards and smokehouses. Bornholm’s location, roughly equidistant from Sweden, Germany and Poland, has also long made it a crossroads of Baltic trade and culture.

Cliffs, Forests and Beaches in One Compact Landscape

Bornholm’s northern half is dominated by hard granite, creating a rugged shoreline of cliffs, headlands and rocky coves. Around Hammeren and Hammerknuden, the coast rises abruptly from the sea, crowned by the imposing ruins of Hammershus, the largest medieval fortress complex in northern Europe. Nearby, dramatic formations such as Jons Kapel and the Sanctuary Cliffs cut into the coastline, offering viewpoints and walking paths where seabirds ride the updrafts below. Inland, the character shifts to dense woodland and rift valleys. Almindingen, one of Denmark’s largest forests, hides sunken gorges like Ekkodalen and hilltops such as Rytterknægten, where mixed conifers and broadleaf trees create a surprisingly wild atmosphere. Further east, the undulating terrain of Paradisbakkerne mixes heather, boulders and forest, ideal for half-day hikes that still finish close to a coastal town and a harbourfront ice cream.

Southern Sands and the Famous Dunes of Dueodde

If the north is all granite and cliffs, Bornholm’s south feels like another island altogether. Here the bedrock gives way to sandstone, dunes and some of the finest beaches in northern Europe. Dueodde, at the island’s southeastern tip, is the most celebrated, with wide sweeps of blindingly pale sand and shallow, clear water. The sand is so fine it was once used in hourglasses, and boardwalks thread through the dunes to protect the delicate coastal environment. Along the same coastline you will find family-friendly strands near Balka and more windswept stretches suited to long walks or winter storms. The southern shore is also where low farmland meets the sea, with dune-backed fields, low cottages and a patchwork of small roads that make for leisurely cycling routes linking beach, village and countryside in a single afternoon.

Round Churches, Fortress Ruins and Island History

Bornholm’s long and sometimes turbulent history is written into its buildings. The most iconic structures are the island’s round churches, built in the 12th century and unique in Denmark. With their thick whitewashed walls and conical roofs, these fortified churches once served both as places of worship and as defensive refuges, storing grain and valuables during troubled times. Their unusual circular plans and simple interiors make them as architecturally intriguing as they are photogenic. On the northwestern promontory, Hammershus tells a more martial story. This vast castle ruin, perched high above the Baltic, was once a power centre for bishops and kings who sought to control trade routes and local farmers. The scattered stone walls, gate towers and glimpses of former halls invite wandering rather than strict interpretation, while the sea views explain why the site remained so strategically important for centuries.

Harbour Towns, Crafts and Contemporary Island Life

Bornholm’s coastal towns provide much of the island’s everyday charm. Rønne, with its ferry harbour and historic streets, is the practical hub, home to museums exploring everything from maritime history to wartime occupation. Smaller settlements such as Gudhjem and Svaneke cling to the shoreline with red-tiled roofs, narrow lanes and small harbours where fishing boats mix with pleasure craft. The island has become known for its creative scene, with glass studios, potteries, textile workshops and design galleries scattered through villages and converted farmsteads. Food is another draw: traditional smokehouses still cure herring and salmon, while newer restaurants and farm shops focus on local produce, from organic grain to sea buckthorn. Despite this contemporary energy, Bornholm retains a relaxed, slow-paced rhythm shaped by ferry timetables, changing seasons and the daily shifts of sea and sky.

Outdoor Adventures in Every Season

Thanks to short distances and a well-developed network of trails, Bornholm is easy to explore under your own steam. Cyclists can follow dedicated paths that loop through forests, past lakes and between coastal towns, while walkers can link together cliff-top routes, woodland tracks and dune paths without needing a car. The island’s varied geology also provides natural playgrounds for rock climbing, abseiling and, in places, easy scrambling for families. Summer brings warm sea swimming, harbour baths and long evenings on the rocks watching the sun sink over the Baltic. Spring and autumn are quieter, with cooler air, migrating birds and moody light along the cliffs. Even in winter, the island’s forests, round churches and fortress ruins take on a stark beauty, best appreciated with sturdy boots, a thermos and the knowledge that a cosy café or smokehouse is never far away.