Belum Caves: Subterranean Marvel

Belum Caves, located in the Nandyala district of Andhra Pradesh, is a mesmerizing network of underground caves that extends over 3 kilometers, making it the second-longest natural cave system in the Indian subcontinent. The caves derive their name from the Sanskrit word 'Bilum' meaning caves, and are locally known as Belum Guhalu. Formed by the constant flow of underground water from the now-disappeared Chitravati River, these caves boast long passages, spacious chambers, and fresh water galleries. Discovered in 1884 by British surveyor Robert Bruce Foote, the caves remained largely unnoticed for almost a century. It was only in 1982 and 1983 that a German team, led by Herbert Daniel Gebauer, conducted a detailed exploration and mapping of the caves. The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC) developed the caves as a tourist attraction in February 2002, and today, about 1.5 km is accessible to visitors. Inside, you'll find unique black limestone formations, including stalactites and stalagmites, formed over millions of years. Notable features include the Pataalaganga, the deepest point in the cave with a perennial underground stream; the Saptasvarala Guha, where the rocks produce musical sounds when struck; and the Meditation Hall, believed to have been used by Buddhist monks. Relics found within the caves suggest they were occupied by Jain and Buddhist monks centuries ago, with some remnants dating back to 4500 BC. The caves are open to the public from 10 AM to 5 PM. The entrance to the caves is through a staircase leading down into what appears to be a pit cave. Despite the heat outside, the caves remain relatively cool, though some areas can be humid.