Kirkuk Citadel: A Timeless Landmark

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Explore the ancient Kirkuk Citadel, a historic fortress with millennia of stories etched in its walls, offering a glimpse into Iraq's rich heritage.

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Kirkuk Citadel

The Kirkuk Citadel, located in the heart of Kirkuk, Iraq, is considered the city's oldest part. Rising 40 meters (130 ft) above the Khasa River, this ancient structure's origins are debated, with some believing it was built around 3,500 years ago by the Gutian people, while others attribute it to the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II between 884 and 858 BCE.

A brief summary to Kirkuk Citadel

F99V+FX9, Kirkuk, Nahiyat Hammam, Kirkuk Governorate, 36001, IQ

From Eve

Know before you go

Hi, I'm Eve. Here are a few practical things to know before exploring Kirkuk Citadel.

Visit early in the morning to avoid the midday heat and enjoy a more tranquil experience.
Wear comfortable shoes, as exploring the Citadel involves walking on uneven surfaces.
Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the Citadel.

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Getting There

Walking

The Kirkuk Citadel is located in the center of Kirkuk, easily accessible from most parts of the city. From Tayaran Roundabout, head west towards the Citadel, which is visible on the elevated mound. The walk is approximately 15-20 minutes. No costs are associated with walking.
Taxi

Taxis are readily available throughout Kirkuk. A short taxi ride to the Citadel from locations such as Kirkuk University or the city center will typically cost between 2,000 to 5,000 IQD. Negotiate the fare before starting your journey.

Discover more about Kirkuk Citadel

Kirkuk Citadel stands as a powerful reminder of the many civilizations that have shaped the region. Situated on a tell (mound) 40 meters high, overlooking the Khasa River, the Citadel has been a strategic and cultural focal point for millennia. Its history is interwoven with the stories of the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and Ottomans, each leaving their mark on its architecture and identity. Believed to have been initially constructed between 884 and 858 B.C. by King Ashurnasirpal II, the Citadel has served various purposes throughout its existence, from a military stronghold to a royal residence. Over time, it housed a Jewish temple, which was subsequently transformed into a Christian church and finally a Muslim mosque, symbolizing Kirkuk's diverse religious heritage. The Citadel also holds religious significance as the believed final resting place of the biblical prophet Daniel. Within the Citadel's walls, visitors can explore historical and religious structures, including the Great Mosque, dating back to the 13th century, the Green Dome, and the Prophet Daniel Mosque. The Al-Qaysariyah Market and the Chaldean Church, both completed in the 19th century, add to the Citadel's architectural tapestry. Despite facing periods of destruction and neglect, including a campaign in the 1990s that led to the removal of many Kurdish and Turkomen families, efforts are underway to restore and preserve this invaluable historical site.