Rocca Paolina: An Underground Journey Through Perugia's Past

Rocca Paolina is a striking historical site in Perugia, offering visitors a unique journey into the city's past. Constructed between 1540 and 1543 by order of Pope Paul III, the fortress was designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as a symbol of papal power following the Salt War. Its construction led to the destruction of a significant portion of the city, including homes of the Baglioni family, churches, monasteries, and medieval buildings. The fortress was built on two separate forts: an upper one on Landone hill, and a lower one on the plains known as Tenaglia, connected to the former via three fortified footpaths. The Perugians always hated them and right after the annexation of Perugia to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the above-ground parts of the structures were razed. Today, visitors can explore the underground remains of Rocca Paolina, which function as a subterranean museum and walkway. The site is accessed via escalators from Piazza Partigiani or through entrances at Piazza Italia, Viale Indipendenza and Porta Marzia. Inside, you'll find well-preserved sections of the ancient city, including Etruscan walls and Renaissance-era architectural fragments. The underground passages now host art exhibitions and cultural events, blending history with contemporary art. Rocca Paolina offers a fascinating contrast to the modern city above, providing a tangible connection to Perugia's complex history. It's open daily and is particularly enchanting during the Christmas season when the underground passages host a Christmas market.