Travel Guide to Golis Mountains

• HelloSalaam
  [sah-lahm]
• GoodbyeNabad gelyo
  [nah-bahd gehl-yoh]
• YesHaa
  [hah]
• NoMaya
  [mah-yah]
• Please/You're welcomeFadlan
  [fad-lahn]
• Thank youMahadsanid
  [mah-had-sah-need]
• Excuse me/SorryIscus
  [ees-choos]
• How are you?Sidee tahay?
  [see-day tah-hay]
• Fine. And you?Waa fiican. Idinka waa?
  [wah fee-chan. ee-deen-kah wah]
• Do you speak English?Ma ku hadlaa Ingiriis?
  [mah koo hahd-lah een-gee-rees]
• I don't understandMa fahminin
  [mah fahm-mee-neen]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseWaan arki karaa menuka, fadlan
  [wahn ar-kee kah-rahah men-oo-kah, fad-lahn]
• I don't eat meatAniga miyaaan cunin hilib?
  [ah-nee-gah mee-yahahn choo-neen hee-leeb]
• Cheers!Dabaqo!
  [dah-bah-koh]
• I would like to pay, pleaseWaan rabaa inaan bixiyo, fadlan
  [wahn rah-bah ah-nahn bix-yoh, fad-lahn]

• Help!Caawin!
  [chah-wean]
• Go away!Tuu ka bax!
  [too kah bakh]
• Call the Police!Waa la soo wac Police!
  [wah lah soh wahch Po-leece]
• Call a doctor!Waa la soo wac doktarka!
  [wah lah soh wahch dohk-tahr-kah]
• I'm lostWaan geeyaa
  [wahn gay-yah]
• I'm illWaan jecelahay
  [wahn je-chel-ah-hi]

• I'd like to buy...Waan isticmaali lahaa...
  [wahn is-teech-mah-lee lah-hah]
• I'm just lookingWaan arkayaa
  [wahn ar-kah-yah]
• How much is it?Qaddiyadu waa sidee tahay?
  [kahd-dee-yah-doo wah see-day tah-hay]
• That's too expensiveTani waa dhiman
  [tah-nee wah thee-mahn]
• Can you lower the price?Ma rabtaa inaad hoos u dhigto qiimaha?
  [mah rahb-tahah een-ahd hohs oo dheeg-toh kee-mah-hah]

• What time is it?Waa sidee saacadu?
  [wah see-day sah-ah-chah-doo]
• It's one o'clockWaa saacad gudaheed
  [wah sah-ah-chahd goo-dah-hee]
• Half past (10)Dabadeed (10)
  [dah-bah-deed (10)]
• MorningSubax
  [soo-bah]
• AfternoonGalab
  [gah-lahb]
• EveningCadow
  [chah-doh]
• YesterdayShalay
  [shah-lie]
• TodayMaanta
  [mah-ahn-tah]
• TomorrowBerri
  [bear-ree]
• 1Kow
  [kohw]
• 2Laba
  [lah-bah]
• 3Saddex
  [sahd-dekh]
• 4Afar
  [ah-fahr]
• 5Shan
  [shahn]
• 6Lix
  [leex]
• 7Toddobaad
  [tohd-doh-bahd]
• 8Sideed
  [see-deed]
• 9Sagaal
  [sah-gahl]
• 10Toban
  [toh-bahn]

• Where's a/the...?Halkaa...?
  [hal-kah]
• What's the address?Cinwaanka waa sidee tahay?
  [cheen-wahn-kah wah see-day tah-hay]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Ma rabtaa inaad ii tuso (khariidada)?
  [mah rahb-tahah een-ahd ee tuh-soh (khah-ree-dah-dah)]
• When's the next (bus)?Marka ugu dambeeya...
  [mahr-kah oo-goo dahm-bee-yah]
• A ticket (to ....)Tikiti (ila ...)
  [tee-kee-tee (ee-lah ...)]

The Golis Mountains, also known as the Galgodon Highlands, stretch across northern Somalia and are one of the most prominent mountain ranges in the region. The range extends from the western part of the Sanaag region through the Bari region, making it a crucial geographical landmark in the Horn of Africa.

Historically, the Golis Mountains have been part of ancient trade routes that connected the Indian Ocean with the interior of Africa. Caravans carrying goods such as incense, myrrh, and other valuable commodities often traversed these highlands, facilitating trade between different civilizations and cultures.

The Golis Mountains are believed to be part of the ancient Land of Punt, a region that had extensive trade relations with Ancient Egypt. Egyptian records from the 15th century BC describe expeditions to Punt, which was renowned for its wealth in resources such as gold, ivory, and exotic animals.

From the 7th century onwards, the spread of Islam had a significant impact on the culture and history of the Golis Mountains. Islamic teachings were introduced by traders and missionaries, leading to the establishment of various Islamic centers of learning and worship throughout the region.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Golis Mountains came under the influence of colonial powers. The British, in particular, established control over the northern regions of Somalia, including the Golis Mountains, as part of British Somaliland. This period saw the introduction of new administrative systems and infrastructure.

The Golis Mountains were a stronghold for the Dervish Movement led by Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as the 'Mad Mullah'. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the Dervishes waged a prolonged resistance against British colonial forces from bases in the Golis Mountains, striving for Somali independence.

After Somalia gained independence in 1960, the Golis Mountains continued to play a role in the nation's cultural and political landscape. The region has been home to various clans and communities that contribute to the rich tapestry of Somali culture and heritage.

The Golis Mountains are not only historically significant but also ecologically important. The area is home to diverse flora and fauna, including several endemic species. Efforts have been made to conserve the unique biodiversity of the region, which is an integral part of its natural heritage.

The Golis Mountains are located in the northern part of Somalia. The nearest major city is Hargeisa, which has Hargeisa International Airport (HGA). From Hargeisa, you can hire a 4x4 vehicle or join a guided tour to the Golis Mountains. The journey by road typically takes around 3 to 4 hours, depending on the specific destination within the mountain range.

Due to the rugged terrain of the Golis Mountains, 4x4 vehicles are recommended for getting around. There are local operators offering vehicle hire and guided tours. Public transport is limited, so it is advisable to arrange your transport in advance. In some areas, you may find camels being used for transportation, which can offer a unique travel experience.

The official currency in Somalia is the Somali Shilling (SOS). It is advisable to carry cash, as credit cards are rarely accepted, especially in remote areas. ATMs can be found in Hargeisa, but they are less common in rural areas, so ensure you withdraw sufficient cash before heading into the mountains. U.S. Dollars are also widely accepted.

While the Golis Mountains can be relatively safe, it is essential to stay informed about the current security situation. Avoid traveling to areas with high crime rates or ongoing conflicts. Always travel with a local guide who knows the area well. Keep your belongings secure and avoid displaying valuables. Stay in contact with your country's embassy or consulate for updated travel advisories.

In case of emergency, the local emergency number is 888. Medical facilities in the Golis Mountains are limited, so it is crucial to have comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation coverage. For minor health issues, carry a well-stocked first aid kit and any necessary prescription medications. Familiarize yourself with the location of the nearest medical facility when you arrive.

Fashion: Do dress modestly; women should wear clothes that cover their arms and legs. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions, and be aware that Somalia is a predominantly Muslim country. Public Transport: Do be respectful and patient when using local transport options. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake or a nod. Men should avoid initiating physical contact with women. Eating & Drinking: Do try local foods but ensure they are well-cooked. Don't drink tap water; opt for bottled water instead.

To experience the Golis Mountains like a local, consider visiting traditional villages and engaging with the communities. Participate in local markets and try traditional Somali dishes like 'Canjeero' (fermented pancakes) and 'Maraq' (stew). Learning a few phrases in Somali can go a long way in making connections. Respect the natural environment, and consider hiring local guides to gain deeper insights into the area's history and culture.