Harar: The Enchanted Walled City of Ethiopia

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Harar, often referred to as the 'City of Saints,' was founded between the 7th and 11th centuries. It became a significant center for Islamic scholarship and trade in the Horn of Africa. The city's unique position on trade routes connecting the coast of the Red Sea to the interior of Ethiopia facilitated its growth and importance.

Harar Jugol, the old walled city, is one of the most prominent features of Harar. Built between the 13th and 16th centuries, the walls stretch over 3.5 kilometers and contain five gates. These fortifications were constructed to protect the city from invasions and have become a symbol of Harar's rich heritage and resilience.

In the 16th century, Harar became the capital of the Emirate of Harar, an Islamic state that played a crucial role in the region's politics and religion. Under the rule of the Emir Nur ibn Mujahid, Harar fortified its defenses, expanded its influence, and became a beacon of Islamic culture and learning.

The Battle of Chelenqo in 1887 was a pivotal event in Harar's history. Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia defeated the forces of Emir Abdullahi of Harar, leading to the incorporation of the city into the Ethiopian Empire. This marked the end of Harar's independence and the beginning of its integration into the broader Ethiopian state.

The French poet Arthur Rimbaud, known for his influential work in literature, lived in Harar between 1880 and 1891. During his time in the city, he worked as a trader and became deeply embedded in its cultural fabric. Rimbaud's presence in Harar has left an indelible mark, with his former house now serving as a museum.

In 2006, Harar Jugol was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The recognition highlighted the city's unique blend of African and Islamic architecture, its vibrant culture, and its historical significance as a center of trade, religion, and scholarship. This has helped preserve Harar's legacy and promote its cultural heritage to the world.

A unique cultural practice in Harar is the nightly feeding of hyenas by local 'hyena men.' This tradition, believed to have started in the 1960s, involves feeding the hyenas to ensure their goodwill and prevent attacks on livestock. The practice has become a popular attraction and symbolizes the harmonious relationship between the residents and wildlife.

Harar is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia. The nearest international airport is Dire Dawa Airport, approximately 55 kilometers away. From Dire Dawa, you can take a taxi or a minibus (known locally as 'matatus') to Harar. The journey typically takes around 1.5 to 2 hours by road. Alternatively, there are regular buses from Addis Ababa to Harar, which take approximately 8 to 9 hours.

Within Harar, transportation options include local taxis and bajajs (three-wheeled motorized rickshaws). These are a convenient way to navigate the narrow streets of the old city. Public minibuses are also available for traveling to surrounding areas. Walking is a great way to explore the old city, as many attractions are within close proximity.

The official currency in Ethiopia is the Ethiopian Birr (ETB). Credit cards are accepted in some hotels and larger restaurants, but it is advisable to carry cash, especially in smaller establishments and local markets. ATMs are available in Harar, but it is wise to withdraw sufficient cash in larger cities like Addis Ababa or Dire Dawa before traveling.

Harar is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it is advisable to take standard precautions such as avoiding walking alone at night and keeping an eye on your belongings in crowded areas. The old city (Jugol) is usually safe, but be cautious in less populated areas at night. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying vigilant is always recommended.

In case of emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance. Harar has a local police station and medical facilities. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in the city where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always remove your shoes when entering mosques and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and courteous. Offer your seat to elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake. Using both hands or placing your left hand on your right arm while shaking hands is a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Harar like a local, visit the bustling markets such as the Harar Jugol Market, where you can buy fresh produce and traditional goods. Engage with locals, who are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city's rich history. Don't miss the nightly hyena feeding ritual, a unique cultural experience. For a taste of local cuisine, try the traditional Harari dish 'Injera' with various stews.