Slains Castle: The Dramatic Ruin of a Scottish Coastal Fortress

Origins and Early History of Slains Castle

Slains Castle’s story begins with Old Slains Castle, a 13th-century fortress near Collieston, destroyed in 1594 by King James VI after the Earl of Erroll supported a rebellion. Following exile and reconciliation with the king, the Earl abandoned the original site and established a new tower house around 1597 at Bowness, near Cruden Bay. This structure formed the core of what became New Slains Castle, marking a fresh chapter in the Hay family’s legacy.

Architectural Evolution and Expansions

The castle underwent significant changes over the centuries. In 1664, wings were extended and a corridor enclosed the courtyard, transforming the layout into a four-sided palace. The 1707 renovations introduced a grand entrance with a large bow window overlooking the North Sea. The most extensive remodeling occurred in 1836 under architect John Smith, who gave the castle a Scots Baronial style with granite facings, lending it a romantic, almost fairy-tale appearance. The castle also featured extensive gardens designed in the late 19th century by landscape architect T. H. Mawson.

Historical Significance and Notable Residents

Slains Castle was a seat of the powerful Clan Hay, Earls of Erroll, for over 300 years. It witnessed political intrigue, including Jacobite connections and military intelligence activities. The castle hosted distinguished visitors such as Dr Samuel Johnson and James Boswell in 1773, and in the 19th century, it became a fashionable retreat for celebrities and nobility. The 18th Earl’s marriage to Lady Elizabeth FitzClarence, daughter of King William IV, further elevated its social standing.

Literary Inspiration and Cultural Legacy

The castle’s dramatic cliff-top setting and gothic ruins inspired Bram Stoker during his stays in the Cruden Bay area. The octagonal hall and maze-like layout are believed to have influenced the depiction of Count Dracula’s castle. Its rugged coastal views, stormy seas, and eerie atmosphere have cemented Slains Castle’s place in literary and popular culture, even appearing as a filming location for the TV series The Crown.

Decline and Preservation Efforts

Financial difficulties and death duties forced the sale of Slains Castle in 1916. The new owner removed the roof in 1925 to avoid taxes, leading to rapid decay. Despite its ruinous state, the castle remains an imposing landmark. It has been granted listed status by Historic Environment Scotland, ensuring recognition of its architectural and historic importance. Although no active restoration is underway, proposals for redevelopment have been discussed but not realized.

Visitor Experience and Atmosphere Today

Today, visitors encounter a hauntingly beautiful ruin perched on cliffs with sweeping views over the North Sea. The site exudes a gothic charm, enhanced by local legends of ghosts and the presence of crows. The castle’s mixture of medieval masonry and 19th-century granite facings tells a layered story of Scotland’s turbulent history and architectural evolution. Caution is advised near cliff edges, but the evocative atmosphere rewards those who explore this iconic Scottish ruin.