McArt's Fort: Ancient Promontory Fort atop Cave Hill

Historic Significance and Origins

McArt's Fort is an ancient ráth or ringfort situated on a rocky promontory at the top of Cave Hill, rising nearly 368 metres above sea level. This Iron Age fortification is characterized by a deep ditch approximately 10 feet deep and 25 feet wide, enclosing a nearly level area 150 by 180 feet in dimension. The fort’s strategic location on the cliff edge provided natural defense on one side, while the ditch and earthworks protected the other sides. It is believed the inhabitants used nearby caves for food storage and refuge during attacks. The fort’s name likely derives from a king of Ulster, Matudán mac Áeda, or possibly from a later figure named McArt. The site is locally nicknamed 'Napoleon's Nose' due to the profile of Cave Hill resembling Napoleon Bonaparte’s nose when viewed from Belfast. McArt's Fort is also linked to historical events such as the 1798 rebellion, where United Irishmen Theobald Wolfe Tone and Henry Joy McCracken reportedly met to plan their uprising.

Geographical and Visual Setting

Perched atop Cave Hill, McArt's Fort commands sweeping views across Belfast city, the surrounding Belfast Hills, and on clear days, the Isle of Man and Scotland. The fort’s elevated position offers a striking panorama of urban and natural landscapes, blending rugged terrain with distant horizons. The rocky promontory and the steep precipices surrounding the fort create a dramatic setting that highlights the fort’s defensive advantages and its commanding presence over the region.

Archaeological Features and Preservation

The fort’s defining features include the substantial ditch and bank earthworks, which remain well-preserved. The flat top of the fort, measuring roughly 150 feet north to south and 180 feet east to west, provides insight into the scale and construction techniques of Iron Age fortifications in Northern Ireland. Archaeological evidence suggests the fort was not only a defensive stronghold but also a place of habitation and storage, utilizing natural caves nearby.

Cultural Legacy and Local Lore

McArt's Fort holds a prominent place in local folklore and history. Its association with the United Irishmen rebellion imbues it with political and cultural significance. The fort’s nickname, 'Napoleon’s Nose,' reflects the imaginative connection locals make between the landscape and historical figures. Additionally, Cave Hill itself inspired Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, further enriching the cultural tapestry surrounding McArt's Fort.

Visitor Experience and Natural Environment

Visitors to McArt's Fort can enjoy a moderately challenging hike through Cave Hill Country Park, with well-marked trails leading to the summit. The walk rewards visitors with stunning views and a tangible sense of history. The surrounding parkland is home to grazing cattle and diverse wildlife, offering a tranquil natural escape alongside the historical exploration. The site’s elevated, open-air environment provides fresh air and scenic vistas, ideal for photography and contemplation.

Conservation and Accessibility

McArt's Fort is part of Cave Hill Country Park, which is managed to preserve its natural and archaeological heritage. Visitors are encouraged to respect the site by staying on designated paths and observing park guidelines. While the terrain can be steep and uneven, the fort is accessible to those with a reasonable level of fitness. The park opens early in the morning and closes according to daylight hours, ensuring safe visits throughout the year.