61 Grassmarket, Edinburgh: Historic Heart of Old Town
Historic Edinburgh market square beneath the castle, blending medieval heritage with vibrant modern culture and iconic views.
A Medieval Marketplace with Enduring Legacy
61 Grassmarket is situated in a square that has served as a bustling marketplace since at least 1477. Originally established as a livestock and grain trading hub, the Grassmarket’s name derives from the grassy pasture once used for grazing animals. The cobbled square was designed to accommodate large markets, fairs, and public gatherings, making it a vital economic and social centre in medieval Edinburgh. Archaeological evidence reveals activity in the area dating back to the Bronze Age, underscoring its long-standing significance.From Public Executions to Cultural Memory
The Grassmarket’s history is shadowed by its role as Edinburgh’s main site for public executions from the 17th to 18th centuries. A memorial near the traditional gallows site commemorates over 100 Covenanters who were martyred during the period known as The Killing Time. Stories such as that of Maggie Dickson, the 'Half-Hangit' woman who survived her execution, add to the area’s rich tapestry of folklore. This darker past contrasts with the lively present but remains an integral part of the Grassmarket’s identity.Architectural Evolution and Urban Character
Surrounding 61 Grassmarket are buildings that reflect Edinburgh’s architectural evolution from medieval foundations to Victorian-era renovations and modern restorations. Many tenements retain 15th-century cellars beneath 19th-century facades, while the City Improvement Schemes of the 19th and early 20th centuries reshaped the streetscape with Scots Baronial style council housing. The area’s historic pubs, including the famed White Hart Inn, continue to offer a tangible link to the past.A Vibrant Hub of Commerce and Community
Today, the Grassmarket is a lively cultural and social hub, home to independent shops, restaurants, and traditional pubs. It hosts seasonal markets, street performances, and festivals that celebrate both its mercantile heritage and contemporary creativity. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of Edinburgh Castle, explore hidden architectural details like iron horse rings and ancient wells, and soak in the unique atmosphere where medieval history and modern life converge.Stories and Legends That Enrich the Locale
The Grassmarket’s narrative includes notable historical figures such as Robert Burns and William Wordsworth, who stayed in the area, and infamous characters like Burke and Hare. The site also witnessed dramatic events like the Porteous Riots of 1736. These stories, combined with the physical environment, create a layered experience that invites exploration and reflection.Preserving Heritage While Embracing the Future
Efforts to maintain the Grassmarket’s historic character have ensured that it remains a cherished part of Edinburgh’s UNESCO World Heritage Site. Careful restoration balances preservation with modern functionality, allowing the area to thrive as a destination for locals and tourists alike. The blend of history, culture, and vibrant urban life makes 61 Grassmarket a compelling location to experience the spirit of Edinburgh’s Old Town.Local tips
- Visit early in the day to explore the historic cobblestones and architectural details before the area gets busy.
- Enjoy an evening in one of the traditional pubs to soak up the lively atmosphere and views of Edinburgh Castle.
- Take a guided walking tour to learn about the Grassmarket’s rich history, including its market origins and execution stories.
- Look for the Martyrs’ Memorial and the ‘shadow of the gibbet’ stone to connect with the area’s darker past.
- Check local event listings for seasonal markets and festivals that bring additional vibrancy to the square.
A brief summary to 61 Grassmarket
- 61 Grassmarket, Edinburgh, EH1 2HJ, GB
Getting There
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Bus
Take Lothian Buses routes 35 or 36 from Edinburgh city centre, with a journey time of approximately 10-15 minutes. Buses stop near the Grassmarket area; tickets cost around £1.80-£2.00. Service frequency is every 10-15 minutes during the day.
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Tram and Walk
Use the Edinburgh Trams to Princes Street stop, then enjoy a 15-minute walk down to Grassmarket through the Old Town. The tram fare is about £6 for a single journey. The walk involves cobblestone streets and some slopes, so wear comfortable shoes.
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Taxi
Taxis from Edinburgh city centre to Grassmarket take around 5-10 minutes depending on traffic, costing approximately £7-£12. Taxis can be hailed on the street or booked via app.
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Walking
From Princes Street or the Royal Mile, walking to Grassmarket takes 10-20 minutes. The route includes historic cobblestones and some uneven surfaces, so suitable for most but be cautious if mobility is limited.
