London City Wall - Bastion 14: Medieval Defence Relic in Barbican

Foundations of a Fortress: Roman Origins and Medieval Adaptation

Bastion 14 stands on the northwestern corner of the Roman Cripplegate fort, its medieval masonry constructed directly atop Roman foundations. The original Roman city wall, built around AD 200 to protect Londinium, served as a base for later medieval fortifications. By the 14th century, the medieval bastions, including Bastion 14, were added to strengthen the city’s defences during times of conflict such as the invasion panic under Richard II in 1386. These bastions were not Roman but were built against the Roman wall, illustrating a continuity of defensive strategy across centuries.

Survival Through Time: From Defence to Urban Integration

Though initially constructed for military defence, Bastion 14’s role evolved as London expanded. The bastion was integrated into warehouses and other buildings, reflecting the city’s shift from fortified stronghold to commercial hub. Unlike many other bastions that suffered damage or were lost, Bastion 14 remains one of the best-preserved examples, partly due to its incorporation into later structures. The lowering of ground levels during post-war redevelopment exposed much of the bastion, allowing it to be studied and appreciated anew.

Revealed by War and Redevelopment

World War II bombings damaged much of the surrounding area, inadvertently uncovering significant portions of the city wall and bastions. Excavations led by archaeologists such as W F Grimes in the mid-20th century revealed Bastion 14’s structure, highlighting its medieval construction atop Roman foundations. Subsequent urban projects, including the building of the Museum of London and the Barbican complex, preserved and showcased these remains, integrating them into public green spaces and walkways.

Architectural Features and Historical Context

Bastion 14 features thick medieval masonry walls resting on Roman stonework foundations, demonstrating the layered construction techniques of different eras. It was part of a series of about twenty-one bastions along the city wall, designed to provide flanking fire and strengthen the city’s perimeter. The defensive ditch outside the walls, known as the city ditch, was re-cut in the early 13th century, enhancing the fortifications. Bastion 14’s preservation offers insight into medieval military architecture and urban development in London.

Modern Setting and Visitor Experience

Today, Bastion 14 is located near the Barbican Centre, surrounded by modern buildings yet retaining its historic presence. Visitors can observe the exposed stonework from nearby walkways and public spaces, appreciating the contrast between ancient defensive structures and contemporary urban life. The site is a testament to London’s continuous habitation and adaptation over nearly two millennia.

Legacy of London’s City Walls

The London Wall, including Bastion 14, symbolizes the city’s resilience and layered history—from Roman Londinium through medieval London to the present day. These remnants remind us of the city’s strategic importance and the evolving nature of urban defence, commerce, and community. Bastion 14 stands as a preserved fragment of this rich heritage, inviting reflection on London’s past and its ongoing story.