Hubberston Fort: Victorian Coastal Defence Fortress in Milford Haven

Strategic Origins and Architectural Design

Hubberston Fort was constructed between 1860 and 1863 following the Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, aimed at protecting Milford Haven’s vital naval dockyard at Pembroke Dock. Its D-shaped layout includes eleven guns housed in bomb-proof casemates, eight in an open battery, and nine in a flank battery, all designed to provide overlapping fields of fire with Popton Fort across the water. The fort’s bomb-proof roof and deep landward ditch reflect Victorian military engineering focused on withstanding mortar bombardment.

Military Role and Historical Highlights

Initially manned by the Royal Pembrokeshire Artillery and the 24th Regiment of Foot, the fort could accommodate up to 250 soldiers. It was actively used for live-fire training and pioneering night-firing experiments with searchlights in the late 19th century. During World War II, Hubberston Fort served as an air raid shelter and housed American troops, marking its continued strategic importance. After World War I, it was abandoned due to military reforms, and various proposals for reuse have since been made.

Decline, Preservation Efforts, and Current Status

Despite its historical significance, the fort fell into disrepair and was closed to the public due to safety concerns. It was named one of the UK’s most endangered archaeological sites in 2011, sparking campaigns for sustainable restoration. Ownership changes have brought renewed interest, including plans for veteran support facilities, though some were abandoned. Since 2020, the site has been promoted as a ‘living ruin,’ allowing visitors to experience its evocative atmosphere while respecting its fragile condition.

Setting and Visitor Experience

Perched on the rugged coastline of Milford Haven, the fort offers commanding views over the waterway and surrounding landscape. Its imposing stone walls and historic batteries create a powerful sense of military heritage. Visitors exploring the site can appreciate the blend of Victorian engineering and natural coastal beauty, though caution is advised due to areas of instability. The fort’s remote and atmospheric setting makes it a unique destination for history enthusiasts and photographers.

Architectural and Cultural Significance

Hubberston Fort is a Grade II* listed building and a Scheduled Ancient Monument, recognized for its exemplary Victorian military architecture and its role in Britain’s coastal defences. Its preservation contributes to understanding 19th-century military strategy and technology. The fort’s story intertwines with local history, including notable events such as a 19th-century murder and its wartime uses, enriching its cultural narrative.

Future Prospects and Community Engagement

Recent ownership has focused on opening the fort to the public as a heritage site while exploring sustainable uses that honor its military legacy. Community interest and media exposure have increased awareness of the fort’s value. Ongoing efforts aim to balance preservation with accessibility, ensuring Hubberston Fort remains a vital link to Pembrokeshire’s maritime and military past.