The Shakespeare Memorial Fountain in Stratford-upon-Avon

A Tribute to Shakespeare and Anglo-American Friendship

The Shakespeare Memorial Fountain, commonly called The American Fountain, stands prominently in Stratford-upon-Avon's bustling marketplace. Gifted by George Childs, an American newspaper publisher and philanthropist, its unveiling in 1887 marked a celebration of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee and a tribute to William Shakespeare, the town's most illustrious son. The fountain also symbolizes the enduring cultural relationship between England and the United States, reflecting shared literary heritage and mutual respect.

Victorian Gothic Architecture and Symbolism

Designed by Jethro Cossins of Birmingham, the fountain is an imposing example of Victorian Gothic style. It features a clock tower integrated with horse troughs and a drinking fountain, richly adorned with carved figures, plaques, and inscriptions. Two notable Shakespearean quotations embellish the structure: one from "Timon of Athens" praising pure water, and another from "Henry VIII" extolling the reign of Elizabeth I, here subtly honoring Queen Victoria. These literary elements reinforce the fountain’s dual role as a functional monument and a cultural emblem.

Historical Context and Temperance Movement

Beyond its commemorative purpose, the fountain is believed to have been a subtle rebuke to Stratford’s thriving brewing industry and public houses, notably the Flower family brewery, which was both a major employer and a philanthropic force behind local institutions like the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre. The temperance movement, advocating for moderation or abstinence from alcohol, likely found a symbolic ally in the fountain’s promotion of "honest water." Although originally intended to provide drinking water for both people and horses, the fountain no longer flows and its troughs are now planted with flowers.

Role in Stratford’s Cultural Landscape

Situated in the historic market square, the Shakespeare Memorial Fountain complements Stratford’s rich theatrical and literary heritage. It stands near other landmarks such as the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, anchoring the town’s identity as a global pilgrimage site for Shakespeare enthusiasts. The fountain’s intricate design and layered meanings invite visitors to reflect on Shakespeare’s legacy, Victorian values, and the transatlantic connections that shaped the town’s history.

Present-Day Experience and Preservation

Today, the fountain remains a cherished historical landmark, though it no longer functions as a water source. Its stonework and inscriptions continue to attract photographers and history lovers, offering a unique glimpse into Victorian commemorative art and Anglo-American relations. The planting of flowers in the troughs adds a touch of natural beauty, enhancing its presence in the lively market environment. The fountain is protected as a listed structure, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

Architectural Details and Artistic Features

The fountain’s clock tower is a distinctive feature, combining utility with ornamentation. The sculptural details include carved figures and plaques that celebrate Shakespeare’s works and the era’s cultural ideals. Its Victorian Gothic design, characterized by pointed arches and intricate stonework, contrasts with the surrounding market buildings, making it a visual focal point. The fountain’s craftsmanship reflects the artistic ambitions of the late 19th century and the philanthropic spirit of its American benefactor.