Amberd Fortress: Fortress in the Clouds

Amberd Fortress, meaning "fortress in the clouds" in Armenian, is a captivating historical site located on the southern slope of Mount Aragats, at an altitude of 2,300 meters. This strategic location made it a primary military-defensive point for the Armenian Kingdom. Constructed between the 7th and 13th centuries, the fortress showcases the architectural styles of medieval Armenia. The complex includes defensive walls, a three-story castle, a church (Surb Astvatsatsin, built in 1026), and a bathhouse. The fortress was built from large basalt stones, with walls up to 4 meters thick in some places. Excavations have revealed underground passages and a water supply system, highlighting the advanced engineering of the time. Originally built by the Kamsarakan princes in the 7th century, Amberd later became the summer residence of the Pahlavuni family. It was captured by the Seljuks in the 11th century and liberated by Armenian forces in 1196. The fortress was eventually destroyed during the Mongol invasions of the 13th century and reconstructed in the late 13th century. It was abandoned in the 14th century. Today, Amberd Fortress is a popular tourist destination, offering a glimpse into Armenia's rich history and stunning natural beauty. Visitors can explore the well-preserved Church of Saint Astvatsatsin, wander through the castle ruins, and admire the panoramic views of the surrounding canyons and mountains. The best time to visit is between March and July, when the surrounding area is covered in colorful flowers.