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Great Siege Tunnels: A Testament to Military Ingenuity

Explore Gibraltar's Great Siege Tunnels: A historic network of military tunnels carved into the Rock, offering a glimpse into 18th-century defense.

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The Great Siege Tunnels in Gibraltar are a network of tunnels carved out of solid limestone during the Great Siege of the late 18th century. These tunnels, also known as the Upper Galleries, represent a remarkable feat of military engineering, providing strategic positions for artillery to defend against Spanish and French forces. Today, they stand as a living museum, offering visitors a glimpse into Gibraltar's resilient past.

A brief summary to Great Siege Tunnels

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as exploring the tunnels involves walking on uneven surfaces and inclines.
  • Visit during off-peak hours (early morning or late afternoon) to avoid crowds.
  • A Nature Reserve ticket is required for entry; consider purchasing a Gibraltar Pass for access to multiple attractions.
  • Bring a jacket, as the temperature inside the tunnels can be cooler than outside.
  • Allow at least 40 minutes to an hour and a half to fully explore the tunnels.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From Casemates Square in the city center, the Great Siege Tunnels are approximately a 45-minute steep uphill walk. The route is paved with roads and steps. Follow signs towards the Upper Rock Nature Reserve and the Moorish Castle; the tunnels are located on the northern face of the Rock, above Farringdon's Battery.

  • Public Transport

    Take the Gibraltar Bus Company Route no. 1. The bus stops near the Moorish Castle entrance. From there, follow the signs to the Great Siege Tunnels. A single ticket costs £1.80, or purchase a £2.50 day pass for unlimited travel.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are available from various locations, including the Gibraltar International Airport and the city center. A taxi from the airport to the Great Siege Tunnels takes approximately 15 minutes and costs around £63.29. Alternatively, a taxi tour of the Upper Rock, including the Great Siege Tunnels, can be arranged.

  • Car

    If driving, follow Queen's Road towards the city center and then follow signs for the Great Siege Tunnels. Parking is limited near the tunnels. The closest parking lot is located at Line Wall Road, a short walk from the entrance. Street parking may be restricted. Note: Non-resident vehicles are not allowed within the Gibraltar Nature Reserve, Upper Rock, except for Blue Badge holders.

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Discover more about Great Siege Tunnels

The Great Siege Tunnels, located within the northern end of the Rock of Gibraltar, are a testament to the ingenuity and determination of the British military during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783). Faced with a seemingly insurmountable challenge, Sergeant-Major Henry Ince of the Military Artificers proposed a daring plan: to dig a tunnel through the solid limestone to reach a strategic spur of rock known as The Notch. Construction began in May 1782, with workers relying on manual labor, picks, chisels, iron wedges, and gunpowder to carve through the dense rock. The conditions were arduous, with suffocating heat, smoke, dust, and the constant threat of collapse or explosion. As the tunneling progressed, ventilation became a critical issue. The engineers addressed this by creating openings along the cliff face, which not only improved airflow but also provided vantage points for cannons to target enemy lines. These unique embrasures revolutionized the dynamics of the siege, allowing the British to target Spanish batteries and siege works. By 1790, approximately 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) of tunnels had been constructed. The tunnels were expanded in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly during the Second World War, transforming the Rock into an underground fortress capable of housing 16,000 men with enough supplies to withstand a year-long siege. Today, visitors can explore the various chambers and passageways, view historical cannons still in position, and learn about the lives of the soldiers who worked and lived within these tunnels. Multimedia displays enhance the experience, bringing the history of the tunnels to life. The Great Siege Tunnels offer breathtaking views of the surrounding area, including the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea.

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