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Citadel of Erbil: A Timeless Icon

Explore the ancient Citadel of Erbil, a UNESCO site with millennia of history and stunning panoramic views of the vibrant city.

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The Citadel of Erbil, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a historic tell in the heart of Erbil, dating back to possibly the Neolithic period. This ancient mound, rising dramatically above the city, has been continuously inhabited for millennia and offers a glimpse into the region's rich cultural heritage.

A brief summary to Citadel of Erbil

  • Erbil, Municipality One, Erbil Governorate, 44001, IQ
  • Visit website
  • Monday 9 am-7 pm
  • Tuesday 9 am-7 pm
  • Wednesday 9 am-7 pm
  • Thursday 9 am-7 pm
  • Friday 9 am-7 pm
  • Saturday 9 am-7 pm
  • Sunday 9 am-7 pm

Local tips

  • Visit early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and enjoy the best lighting for photography.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain within the Citadel can be uneven and involves a fair amount of walking.
  • Engage with local guides for a deeper understanding of the Citadel's history and significance.
  • Explore the local artisan shops inside the Citadel for unique souvenirs and handicrafts.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From Erbil's main square, walk north towards the Citadel. The Citadel is visible from most points in the city center. Enter through the main gate, where you'll find a magnificent view. Allow approximately 10-15 minutes to walk from the main square to the Citadel entrance. There is no cost for entering the Citadel.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available throughout Erbil. A short taxi ride from any central location to the Citadel should cost between 4,000 to 6,000 IQD. Ensure the driver uses the meter or negotiate the fare before starting your journey.

  • Public Transport

    While Erbil's public transportation system is not extensive, mini-buses and shared taxis do operate in the city. Ask a local for directions to the nearest stop for a ride to the vicinity of the Citadel. Bus fare is approximately 0.35 USD. From the drop-off point, a short walk or taxi ride may be necessary to reach the Citadel entrance.

  • Driving

    Drive towards the city center, following signs for the Citadel. Parking is available near the back entrance. The parking fee is approximately 1,000 IQD.

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Discover more about Citadel of Erbil

Rising 25 to 32 meters above the surrounding city, the Citadel of Erbil, locally known as Qellat, is an impressive oval-shaped settlement that has been inhabited for thousands of years. Its origins can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with evidence of settlement dating as far back as 5000 BC. Over its long history, the Citadel has been under the rule of the Sumerians, Assyrians, Sassanians, Mongols, Christians, and Ottomans. The Citadel has served as a home to mosques, churches, synagogues, schools, and homes. The Citadel is divided into three main districts: Serai, Takya, and Topkhana. The Serai district was once inhabited by notable families, while the Takya district was home to dervishes. Topkhana was the district for artisans and craftsmen. The maze of narrow alleyways and traditional courtyard houses reflects the urban fabric of the Ottoman period. A walk through the citadel reveals a rich tapestry of history, with opportunities to explore restored houses, a hammam (public bath), and the Mulla Afandi Mosque. Today, the Citadel of Erbil is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major attraction for locals and tourists alike. Visitors can explore its winding streets, ancient structures, and vibrant markets, and enjoy panoramic views of Erbil.

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