Eridu: Cradle of Sumerian Civilization

Eridu, now known as Tell Abu Shahrain, lies in the Dhi Qar Governorate of Iraq and is celebrated as one of the oldest cities in the world. Established around 5400 BC, during the Ubaid period, Eridu holds a significant place in history as a religious and political hub in ancient Mesopotamia. According to Sumerian mythology, it was the first city created by the gods and the home of Enki (Ea), the god of water, wisdom, and magic. The city's development is centered around the temple of Enki, called E-Abzu, as Enki was believed to reside in Abzu, an aquifer from which all life was thought to stem. Over time, successive temples were built on the same site, culminating in a massive ziggurat, a typical temple design in ancient Mesopotamia. Visitors can explore the ruins of this ziggurat and other remnants of the ancient city, gaining insights into the architectural and urban planning of the Sumerians. Eridu's location near the Euphrates River was crucial for its early development, providing water for irrigation and facilitating trade. The city was inhabited primarily by Sumerians and was ruled by high priests or kings who played roles in both religious and administrative capacities. Although Eridu declined due to environmental changes and political shifts around 2350 BC, it remained an important religious site and was later restored by Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Exploring Eridu offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and appreciate the origins of urban civilization.