Gauja National Park: Latvia's Natural Masterpiece

Gauja National Park, established in 1973, is Latvia's oldest and largest national park, stretching across more than 90,000 hectares. The park protects the stunning Gauja River valley, characterized by its diverse landforms, natural springs, and dramatic sandstone outcrops. This natural treasure trove is home to around 900 plant species, 150 bird species, and 50 mammal species. The park's history extends far beyond its official establishment. The Gauja River served as a trade route in ancient times, and the area is dotted with ancient Liv settlements. Over 500 cultural and historical monuments, including castle mounds, medieval castles, churches, and manor houses, reflect the region's rich heritage. Popular attractions include Turaida Castle, Cēsis Castle, and the New Castle of Sigulda, each offering a unique glimpse into the past. Gauja National Park offers a wide array of activities for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Hiking trails wind through forests and along the Gauja River, providing breathtaking views. Visitors can explore caves, paddle along the river by canoe or kayak, or experience an adrenaline rush with zip-lining and bungee jumping. In winter, the Sigulda Bobsleigh Track offers thrilling rides. The park also features visitor centers that provide information about the park, natural monuments and recreational activities. The park's unique landscape was formed over millions of years, with the reddish, yellow, and grayish sandstone cliffs dating back 350-370 million years. The Gauja River valley itself was shaped by glacial sediments and melting waters around 12,000 years ago. This geological history is evident in the park's many caves and rock formations, including Gutman's Cave, the largest grotto in the Baltics, and Zvārte Rock, a scenic sandstone outcrop.