The Criterion Theatre: London's Intimate Victorian Gem in Piccadilly Circus

Origins and Architectural Distinction

The Criterion Theatre was established in 1874 on the site of the 17th-century White Bear Inn, designed by the notable architect Thomas Verity. Originally intended as a concert hall within a larger complex including a restaurant and ballroom, it was transformed into a theatre during construction, pioneering the concept of an underground playhouse. The building’s Victorian auditorium is remarkably preserved, featuring elegant iron columns supporting balconies and a horseshoe-shaped seating arrangement that fosters intimacy between performers and audience.

Innovations and Safety Enhancements

Early challenges included ventilation concerns due to its subterranean location, requiring fresh air to be pumped in to prevent asphyxiation. In 1883, the theatre closed for major renovations overseen by Verity, introducing electric lighting, improved ventilation shafts, new corridors, and enhanced safety exits. These upgrades modernized the venue while maintaining its historic charm, setting new standards for comfort and audience safety in London theatres.

A Stage for Comedy and Cultural Milestones

Under the management of actor-manager Charles Wyndham from 1875, the Criterion became a premier venue for light comedy, hosting notable productions such as "The Great Divorce Case". The theatre also played a significant role in 20th-century drama, premiering works by celebrated playwrights like Terence Rattigan and Samuel Beckett. During World War II, its underground location made it an ideal BBC studio, safeguarding live broadcasts from the Blitz.

Seating and Audience Experience

The Criterion seats approximately 588 patrons across three levels: the Stalls, Dress Circle, and Upper Circle. The Stalls, located below street level, offer 361 seats but include some restricted views due to structural pillars. The Dress Circle’s 159 seats curve in a horseshoe shape, providing excellent sightlines and comfort, while the Upper Circle’s 65 seats offer budget-friendly options with generally good views. The theatre’s compact size ensures an immersive experience, with every seat fostering a close connection to the stage.

Preservation and Modern Revival

In the late 20th century, the theatre faced potential redevelopment but was saved and restored by patrons including Sally Greene, who established the Criterion Theatre Trust. This restoration preserved its historic features while upgrading facilities, ensuring the theatre’s continued prominence on the West End stage. Today, it hosts a variety of productions, balancing its rich heritage with contemporary theatrical innovation.

Atmosphere and Location

Situated at 218-223 Piccadilly Circus, the Criterion’s entrance faces the iconic Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain (Eros), placing it at the heart of London’s vibrant entertainment district. Despite its underground setting, the theatre exudes a unique charm and warmth, inviting audiences into a timeless world where history and performance converge beneath the city’s lively surface.