Khiva: Private Guided Tour Through the Ancient Ichan Kala

Kunya-Ark Fortress – Located in the western part of Itchan Kala, Khiva's old city, Kunya-Ark (meaning "Old Fortress") was the residence of Khiva's khans. Built in the 17th century, it includes a throne room, harem, mosque, mint, and observation tower. The fortress offers insight into royal life and provides panoramic views of the city from its watchtower.

Pahlavan Mahmud Complex – This revered mausoleum in Khiva honors Pahlavan Mahmud (1247–1326), a celebrated poet, philosopher, healer, and undefeated wrestler who became the city's patron saint. Originally a modest tomb, it was transformed in the 19th century into a grand complex featuring Khiva's largest turquoise dome, intricate majolica tilework, and finely carved wood and brass elements. The site also serves as the dynastic burial place for Khiva's Qungrat khans, including Muhammad Rahim Khan I and Allah Quli Khan. Located within Itchan Kala, the complex remains a significant spiritual and architectural landmark.

Tash-Khawli Palace (Harem) – Built in the 1830s by Allakuli Khan, Tash-Khawli (meaning "Stone House") was the royal palace of Khiva's rulers. It features over 150 rooms, including a richly decorated harem, reception halls, and courtyards. The palace is renowned for its intricate tilework, carved wooden columns, and painted ceilings. It served as both a residence and a center for state affairs, showcasing the grandeur and artistry of Khivan architecture.

Kalta-Minor Minaret – This iconic, unfinished minaret stands near the west gate of Itchan Kala in Khiva. Commissioned by Muhammad Amin Khan in 1851, it was intended to be the tallest minaret in Central Asia but construction stopped after the Khan’s death in 1855. Despite its short height (around 29 meters), it is strikingly wide and beautifully decorated with glazed tiles in shades of blue and green, making it one of Khiva’s most photographed landmarks.

Islam Khoja Complex – Built in 1910, this complex includes Khiva’s tallest minaret (56.6 m) and an elegant madrasah. Commissioned by reformer Islam Khoja, it blends traditional Khivan architecture with modern influences. The minaret, decorated with blue and green tiles, served as a landmark, while the madrasah now houses the Museum of Applied Arts. The complex symbolizes Khiva’s late architectural and cultural revival.

Juma Mosque and Minaret – Located in the heart of Itchan Kala, the Juma Mosque dates back to the 10th century and was rebuilt in the 18th century. It is unique for its 213 wooden columns, many of which are centuries old and intricately carved. The mosque’s design reflects ancient pre-Islamic architecture. Adjacent to it stands the 33-meter minaret, offering views over the old city. It remains a peaceful and spiritual centerpiece of Khiva.

Tim of Allakuli Khan – Built in the 1830s, this covered bazaar was a key part of Khiva’s trade network. Located near the eastern gate of Itchan Kala, the Tim served as a bustling marketplace for silk, spices, and other valuable goods. Its high domed roof and small shops lining the interior created a cool, shaded space for merchants and buyers. It reflects Khiva’s importance as a Silk Road trading hub.

Allakuli Khan Madrasah – Built in 1835 by Allakuli Khan, this large madrasah is located opposite the Tim and was one of the most prominent educational institutions in Khiva. It features a grand façade with intricate tilework, an arched entrance, and over 100 student cells (hujras). The madrasah reflects the architectural style of late Khivan design and highlights the khan’s efforts to promote learning and culture in the city.

Seyyid Allauddin Mausoleum – This small but beautifully decorated mausoleum in Khiva honors Seyyid Allauddin, a revered religious figure and scholar. Dating back to the 14th century, it features traditional Central Asian tilework and intricate brick patterns. The mausoleum is a peaceful spiritual site and an important example of early Islamic architecture in the region.

Muhammad Rahim Khan Madrasah – Built in 1876, this large madrasah in Khiva was commissioned by Muhammad Rahim Khan II. It combined religious and secular education, including subjects like math and astronomy. Architecturally, it features a grand portal, four towers, and beautiful blue-and-white tilework. The madrasah has classrooms, mosques, and a library, reflecting Khiva’s cultural and educational growth in the 19th century.

Nurullabay Palace – Constructed between 1906 and 1912, this opulent residence in Khiva was commissioned by Muhammad Rahim Khan II for his son, Asfandiyar Khan. The palace occupies the site of a lush garden owned by a wealthy merchant named Nurullabay, who agreed to sell his property only on the condition that the palace bear his name .