Capturing History: Photography Tips for Your Travels

As an archivist, I spend my days surrounded by history, piecing together stories from the past. But there's something truly special about capturing history through the lens of a camera. It's a way to preserve not just the facts, but also the feeling, the atmosphere, the very essence of a place. Over the years, I've developed a few techniques that have helped me capture the beauty and significance of historical sites around the world, and I'm excited to share them with you.

Essential Equipment for Historical Site Photography

Before you even set foot on cobblestone, make sure you're equipped to handle the challenges and opportunities that historical site photography presents. It's not just about pointing and shooting; it's about understanding your tools and how they interact with the environment.

• First, know your camera settings. Aperture, shutter speed, ISO – these are your building blocks. Experiment with them before you go, so you're not fumbling when the light is perfect. A wider aperture (smaller f-number) will blur the background, drawing attention to a specific detail. A faster shutter speed will freeze motion, useful if there are people milling about. Adjust your ISO according to the light; lower for bright conditions, higher for dim, but be mindful of noise.


• Next, consider your lenses. I recommend a wide-angle lens, perhaps around 16-35mm, for capturing the grand scale of entire structures. But don't neglect a zoom lens, something in the 70-300mm range, for picking out those intricate carvings and stonework details that often go unnoticed. These details tell stories of their own.


• A sturdy, lightweight tripod is indispensable, especially in low-light conditions, such as the interior of a cathedral. It allows for longer exposures without camera shake, ensuring sharp architectural details. Look for one that's easy to carry but stable enough to withstand a bit of wind.


• Finally, a polarizing filter is your friend. It reduces reflections on windows, bringing out the colors and details behind the glass. It also enhances sky contrast, making those dramatic clouds pop against a blue backdrop.

Composition Techniques for Timeless Shots

Equipment is important, but composition is where the artistry truly lies. It's about arranging the elements within your frame to create a visually compelling narrative.

• The rule of thirds is a classic for a reason. Imagine dividing your frame into nine equal parts with two horizontal and two vertical lines. Place key elements along these lines or at their intersections to create a more visually interesting photo. For example, position a tower along one of the vertical lines, leaving the rest of the scene to provide context.


• Leading lines are another powerful tool. Pathways, walls, rows of columns – these can all be used to draw the viewer's eye into the scene, leading them on a visual journey through the photograph. Find lines that converge towards a point of interest, creating a sense of depth and perspective.


• Don't forget about framing elements. Windows, doors, arches – these can be used to frame your subject, adding depth and context to the image. Shooting through an archway, for instance, can isolate a particular building or monument, drawing attention to its unique features.


• Look for symmetry in architecture. Many historical buildings are designed with a sense of balance and proportion. Capturing this symmetry can create a visually pleasing and harmonious image. Stand directly in front of the structure and align your camera to emphasize the symmetrical elements.


• Finally, experiment with high and low camera angles. Don't be afraid to crouch down or find a higher vantage point to create a unique perspective. I remember once in Latvia, I was photographing the ruins of Cēsis Castle. I couldn't quite capture the scale of the castle from ground level. I found a small hill nearby and climbed it, and suddenly, I could see the entire layout of the castle, the way it dominated the landscape. The resulting photos were far more compelling than anything I could have achieved from below.

Mastering Natural Light at Historical Locations

Light is everything in photography, and understanding how to use natural light is crucial for capturing the mood and atmosphere of historical locations.

• The golden hours – the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset – are your best friends. During these times, the light is warm, soft, and diffused, creating a beautiful glow that enhances colors and textures. Plan your shoots around these times to take advantage of the most flattering light.


• Don't dismiss overcast days. While a sunny day might seem ideal, overcast days provide soft, even light that brings out details without harsh shadows. This is particularly useful for photographing intricate carvings and architectural details.


• Learn to use shadows and highlights to add dimension to architectural features. Shadows can create depth and texture, while highlights can accentuate certain details. Pay attention to how the light falls on the building and use it to your advantage.


• Dealing with harsh sunlight can be tricky. If possible, find shade or use reflectors to bounce light into shadowed areas. If you must shoot in direct sunlight, try to do so when the sun is higher in the sky, as the light will be less harsh.

Highlighting Architectural Details

Often, it's the smaller details that tell the most compelling stories. Don't overlook the opportunity to capture these elements.

• Encourage yourself to focus on smaller elements like carvings, textures, and patterns. These details can reveal the craftsmanship and artistry of the past. Look for unique features that catch your eye and try to capture them in a creative way.


• Consider using a macro lens to capture intricate details up close. This will allow you to reveal textures and patterns that are invisible to the naked eye. Imagine capturing the delicate veins in a marble statue or the intricate details of a stained-glass window.


• A telephoto lens can also be useful for photographing distant architectural features. This will allow you to isolate specific elements and create a sense of compression, making the building appear larger and more imposing.


• Don't forget about light fixtures and other often-overlooked items. These elements can add character and authenticity to your architectural photos. Look for interesting lamps, doorknobs, or other details that tell a story about the building's history.

Preserving Authenticity and Respecting History

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, remember that you are photographing a piece of history. Approach your subject with respect and sensitivity.

• Research the history of the site before you even pick up your camera. Understanding the context of the building or monument will inform your photography and help you to capture its significance. Read books, articles, and historical documents to learn about the site's past.


• Be respectful of rules and restrictions at historical sites. Many sites have rules about photography, such as restrictions on the use of tripods or flash. Be sure to follow these rules to avoid damaging the site or disturbing other visitors.


• Consider the ethics of photographing sensitive or sacred locations. Some sites may be considered sacred or have cultural significance. Be mindful of this and avoid photographing in a way that could be disrespectful or offensive.


• I remember visiting the East Side Gallery in Berlin. It's a powerful and moving place, a reminder of a divided city and the eventual triumph of freedom. Before I started photographing, I spent some time simply walking along the wall, reading the murals, and reflecting on the history of the site. This helped me to approach my photography with a sense of respect and sensitivity. It's these experiences that truly enrich our photography and allow us to connect with the past in a meaningful way.