Beni Hammad Fort: A Glimpse into the Hammadid Dynasty

Beni Hammad Fort, also known as Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, is a captivating historical site located in the Hodna Mountains, northeast of M'Sila, Algeria. Founded in 1007 by Hammad ibn Buluggin, it served as the first capital of the Hammadid dynasty, before being abandoned in 1090 due to the threat of invasion. Partially destroyed in 1152, the remaining ruins provide a remarkable insight into the life of an 11th-century Islamic city. Once enclosed by a 7-kilometer-long wall, the city housed four residential complexes and a grand mosque. The mosque, one of the largest in Algeria, features a 20-meter-high minaret that stands as a testament to the city's former glory. The design of the mosque is similar to the Grand Mosque of Kairouan, reflecting the architectural influences of the time. Excavations have unearthed terracotta pieces, jewelry, coins, and ceramics, providing valuable insights into the civilization under the Hammadid dynasty. The remains of the emir's palace, known as Dar al-Bahr, showcase the luxurious lifestyle of the rulers, with its three separate residences and elaborate gardens. Located at an elevation of over 1,400 meters, the fort occupies a strategic position, offering stunning views of the surrounding valleys and mountains. The site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.