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Dmanisi: Cradle of Early Humans

Explore Dmanisi, Georgia: Unearth 1.8-million-year-old hominin fossils and discover the ruins of a medieval Silk Road city.

Dmanisi is an archaeological site and medieval town in Georgia, famed for the discovery of 1.8-million-year-old hominin fossils, the oldest found outside Africa. These remains have revolutionized our understanding of early human migration and evolution. The site also features the ruins of a once-thriving medieval city, offering a glimpse into Georgia's rich history.

A brief summary to Dmanisi

  • Dmanisi, GE

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes as the archaeological site is located on a hill and requires walking.
  • Bring water and snacks, as there are limited options for food and drinks at the site.
  • Visit the Dmanisi Museum-Reserve to see the artifacts and learn more about the archaeological discoveries.
  • Be aware that the archaeological site and museum are closed on Mondays.
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Getting There

  • Car

    The most convenient way to reach Dmanisi is by car from Tbilisi, a journey of approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes. The drive covers around 90 km south of Tbilisi. Car rentals are available in Tbilisi. Consider renting a car for a month as it may be cheaper than renting for a shorter period. Parking is available near the site, though it may require a short walk uphill.

  • Public Transport

    A direct bus route connects Dmanisi to Tbilisi's Ortachala bus station. The bus fare is 5 GEL. Buses depart from Dmanisi at 7:30 am and arrive in Tbilisi at 9:30 am. The return bus departs from Tbilisi at 2:00 pm and arrives in Dmanisi at 4:00 pm. From the Ortachala bus station in Tbilisi, you can take a taxi or public transport to your final destination.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are available from Tbilisi to Dmanisi, with a journey time of around 1 hour and 33 minutes. The estimated cost is $25-$31. Consider ride-sharing apps for potential cost savings. Negotiate the fare with the driver before starting the journey.

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Discover more about Dmanisi

Dmanisi, located approximately 85 km southwest of Tbilisi, is a site of immense historical and scientific significance. The area has been inhabited since the Early Bronze Age and later became an important stop on the Silk Road. The town's original name, Bashkechit, meant "main route". Dmanisi was later renamed after the Arab Emirate Damanus, serving as its commercial center. The Dmanisi Archaeological Site gained global recognition in the 1990s with the discovery of hominin fossils dating back 1.8 million years. These fossils, initially classified as Homo georgicus and now considered Homo erectus georgicus, are the oldest human remains found outside of Africa. The discoveries include several skulls, mandibles, and post-cranial elements, providing invaluable insights into early human evolution and migration patterns. The Dmanisi hominins, named Zezva and Mzia, are believed to be the earliest Europeans. Beyond its prehistoric importance, Dmanisi boasts a rich medieval history. The ruins of the medieval city, including fortifications, churches, and cemeteries, offer a glimpse into its past as a major commercial center. The Dmanisi Sioni Cathedral, dating back to the 6th century, stands as a testament to the region's early Christian heritage. The site also features a museum where visitors can view artifacts and learn more about the archaeological discoveries. Visitors to Dmanisi can explore the open-air museum, observe ongoing excavations, and visit the Dmanisi Museum-Reserve, which houses over 2,300 exhibits. The site is not very touristy, so it is recommended to bring water and snacks.

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