Dmanisi: Cradle of Early Humans

Dmanisi, located approximately 85 km southwest of Tbilisi, is a site of immense historical and scientific significance. The area has been inhabited since the Early Bronze Age and later became an important stop on the Silk Road. The town's original name, Bashkechit, meant "main route". Dmanisi was later renamed after the Arab Emirate Damanus, serving as its commercial center.The Dmanisi Archaeological Site gained global recognition in the 1990s with the discovery of hominin fossils dating back 1.8 million years. These fossils, initially classified as Homo georgicus and now considered Homo erectus georgicus, are the oldest human remains found outside of Africa. The discoveries include several skulls, mandibles, and post-cranial elements, providing invaluable insights into early human evolution and migration patterns. The Dmanisi hominins, named Zezva and Mzia, are believed to be the earliest Europeans.Beyond its prehistoric importance, Dmanisi boasts a rich medieval history. The ruins of the medieval city, including fortifications, churches, and cemeteries, offer a glimpse into its past as a major commercial center. The Dmanisi Sioni Cathedral, dating back to the 6th century, stands as a testament to the region's early Christian heritage. The site also features a museum where visitors can view artifacts and learn more about the archaeological discoveries.Visitors to Dmanisi can explore the open-air museum, observe ongoing excavations, and visit the Dmanisi Museum-Reserve, which houses over 2,300 exhibits. The site is not very touristy, so it is recommended to bring water and snacks.