Khndzoresk: Armenia's Ancient Cave Village

Khndzoresk, located in the Syunik Province of Armenia, is a captivating village renowned for its extraordinary cave dwellings and dramatic landscape. The village is situated on the steep slopes of the Khor Dzor (Deep Gorge), from which it is believed to have derived its name. This unique settlement, comprised of both natural and man-made caves, was inhabited until the 1950s, offering a remarkable glimpse into Armenia's past. Old Khndzoresk's history dates back to the 13th century, with archaeological evidence suggesting even earlier habitation. By the end of the 19th century, it had grown to be one of the largest villages in eastern Armenia. The village played a significant role in the liberation movement of David Bek in the 18th century, with its fortress serving as a military base for Mkhitar Sparapet. Visitors can explore the ancient cave homes, some of which are remarkably preserved. A 160-meter-long swinging bridge, built in 2012, connects the old and new parts of the village, offering breathtaking views of the gorge. The bottom of the gorge is home to the 17th-century St. Hripsime Church, while the hermitage of Anapat, with the tomb of Mkhitar Sparapet, can be found on a spur to the right. Exploring the cave system is an adventure, providing a sense of the resourcefulness required to live in this vertical landscape. Some caves were used as dwellings, others as storage, and some even as stables. Though the area has suffered invasions and earthquakes, remnants of the past remain, including the Khndzoresk Fortress, the Churches of St. Hripsime and St. Thaddeus, a bell tower, and the ruins of Anapat Church.