Amaras Monastery, Mountainous Shirvan Travel Guide

Amaras Monastery, a historical Armenian monastic center, stands as a testament to faith and learning near the village of Sos in Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan. Founded in the early 4th century by St. Gregory the Illuminator, who brought Christianity to Armenia, the monastery holds a special place in Armenian history. The construction was completed by his grandson, St. Grigoris, who was also the first bishop of Artsakh.The monastery's significance grew in the early 5th century when Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet, established the first school in the Artsakh region within its walls. This pivotal event cemented Amaras as a vital cultural and educational hub, fostering the spread of literacy and knowledge throughout the land. The tomb of St. Grigoris lies beneath the altar of the main church, adding to the site's spiritual importance.Throughout its long history, Amaras Monastery has faced numerous challenges, including repeated destruction and restoration. In the 13th century, it was plundered by Mongols, and in 1387, it was destroyed during Tamerlane's invasion. Despite these hardships, the monastery persevered as a religious and cultural center. In the 17th century, the surviving defensive walls were constructed, giving the monastery its present fortress-like appearance. For a period in the 19th century, after eastern Armenia was annexed by Russia, it even served as a frontier fortress and customs house. In 1848, the Armenian Apostolic Church reclaimed the monastery. The church was rebuilt in 1858 with funds raised by Armenians from Shushi.Today, Amaras Monastery attracts pilgrims and tourists who come to admire its architecture, learn about its history, and experience its spiritual atmosphere. The complex is enclosed by high defensive walls with rounded towers at each corner. Inside, visitors can explore the three-nave basilica of St. Grigoris, the tomb of St. Grigoris, and the residential and administrative structures that once housed monks and clergy.