Vasu Bihar: Echoes of Ancient Bengal

Vasu Bihar, locally known as Narapatir Dhap, is a significant archaeological site in Bangladesh, revealing the country's rich Buddhist past. Situated approximately 6 kilometers west of Mahasthangarh in the Shibganj upazila of Bogura district, this site invites visitors to explore the remnants of an ancient monastic complex that thrived during the Pala Empire. The history of Vasu Bihar is deeply intertwined with the Pala dynasty, which ruled Bengal from the 8th to the 12th centuries. The Palas were devout Buddhists and actively promoted the construction of monasteries and centers of learning. Historical records suggest that Dharmapala, the second ruler of the Pala dynasty, commissioned Vasu Vihara, transforming it into a hub for religious and educational pursuits. The site flourished, attracting monks and scholars from far and wide, until it eventually fell into disuse and was buried, awaiting rediscovery. The unearthing of Vasu Bihar began in the 19th century, spurred by local legends and travelers' accounts. Systematic excavations commenced in the 1920s, with archaeologist K.N. Dikshit leading extensive research that brought the site to prominence. The complex features ruins of two medium-sized monasteries and a cruciform temple. The smaller monastery measures 49 meters north-south and 46 meters east-west, with 26 rooms for monks. The larger monastery is similar in design but bigger with more rooms and a large open space, possibly an auditorium. The cruciform temple, adorned with terracotta plaques and intricate carvings, served as a central place of worship. Among the artifacts discovered are miniature statues, bronze Buddhist statues, terracotta plaques, seals, precious stone beads, patterned bricks, and clay lamps, offering insights into the daily lives and religious practices of the monastic community. Local legend suggests that the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang, who visited the region in the 7th century, referred to Vasu Bihar as "Po-shi-po" or "World Temple," highlighting its significance as a religious school for Buddhists. Visiting Vasu Bihar today offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and imagine the lives of those who once inhabited this vibrant monastic community. As you wander through the ruins, you can appreciate the architectural skills of the Pala artisans and the serene atmosphere that once permeated the site.