Kyrenia Mountains: A Coastal Range of History and Beauty

The Kyrenia Mountains, or Beşparmak Mountains, dominate the northern Cyprus landscape, offering a blend of natural beauty and historical significance. This rugged range, stretching 170 kilometers, is composed primarily of hard crystalline limestone and marble, formed over millions of years by the collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. The highest peak, Mount Selvili, reaches 1,024 meters, providing panoramic vistas. The mountains have been inhabited since ancient times, serving as strategic locations for watchtowers and castles. The Byzantines and Lusignans constructed fortifications like St. Hilarion, Buffavento, and Kantara, which played crucial roles in defending Cyprus during the Middle Ages. Today, these castles are popular tourist attractions, offering a glimpse into the island's past and stunning coastal views. The Kyrenia Mountains are also rich in biodiversity. The lower slopes feature maquis shrubland, with evergreen oaks, carob trees, and junipers. Higher up, pine forests, dominated by Calabrian pine, thrive. The area is home to endemic plant species, including the Cyprus tulip. Hiking enthusiasts can explore numerous trails, including the Besparmak Mountain Trail, offering diverse levels of difficulty and stunning scenery. Legends also permeate the range, particularly concerning the "five fingers" peak. One story tells of a villager who, to win a queen's hand, was tasked with bringing water from a distant monastery. Another legend suggests the mountain's shape is the handprint of a mythical hero. Today, a large flag of Northern Cyprus is painted on the southern slope of the mountains.