Parque Nacional Cajas, Southern Sierra Travel Guide

Parque Nacional Cajas, located approximately 30 km west of Cuenca, Ecuador, is a breathtaking expanse of natural beauty sculpted by ancient glacial activity. The park's name, believed to originate from the Quichua words "Cassa" (Gateway to the snowy mountains) or "Caxa" (cold), hints at its crucial role as a natural passage between Ecuador's coastal and Andean regions. Evidence suggests that roads and trading routes existed here since pre-Inca times, later developed by the Incas. Today, 28 archeological sites within the park stand as testaments to its rich history.The landscape ranges from 3,100m to 4,450m above sea level, featuring U-shaped valleys, hills, moraines, and a network of 786 lakes, lagoons, and ponds connected by crystal-clear streams. The higher altitudes showcase tundra-like Andean Paramo, while lower areas reveal cloud forests and perennial high mountain forests. This unique ecosystem is home to diverse wildlife, including 157 bird species, such as the Andean Condor and various colorful parrots, toucans, tanagers, and hummingbirds. Mammals like wild horses, llamas, spectacled bears, mountain wolves, deer, and pumas also inhabit the park.Visitors can explore the park through a variety of hiking trails, ranging from easy walks around lagoons to challenging multi-day treks. Popular trails include the Uku trail around Llaviucu lagoon, the Toreadora trail near the visitor center, and the Nature and Human History Trail from Toreadora lagoon to Lagunas Unidas. For those seeking a challenge, the Cerro San Luis trail leads to the summit of Cerro San Luis, offering panoramic views on clear days.El Cajas is a place of water, with a carpet of sponge-like plants absorbing and slowly releasing water over time. It serves as the source for two of Cuenca's rivers, the Tomebamba and the Yanuncay, making it a Wetland of International Importance. The park's weather is unpredictable, with average temperatures around 5 degrees Celsius and the possibility of experiencing all four seasons in a single day. Visitors should be prepared for strong sun, cold winds, and rain, and dress accordingly.