Speos Artemidos: Temple to Pakhet

Speos Artemidos, located in the Minya Governorate, is a rock-cut temple dedicated to the lioness goddess Pakhet, whom the Greeks associated with Artemis. The temple is situated about 2km south of the Middle Kingdom tombs at Beni Hasan, approximately 28 km south of Al Minya, in a village now known as Istabl Antar. This historical landmark offers a glimpse into the architectural and religious practices of ancient Egypt. The temple was constructed by Queen Hatshepsut of the 18th Dynasty, with further additions by Thutmose III and Seti I. Hatshepsut's temple includes a long dedicatory text denouncing the Hyksos rulers and highlighting her efforts to restore order. The temple consists of two chambers connected by a short passageway. The outer portico once had eight columns, but only a few remain intact. The smaller inner sanctuary features a statue niche. Decorations and inscriptions, though worn, depict Hatshepsut making offerings to Pakhet. Seti I later replaced Hatshepsut's name with his own in some areas. Today, Speos Artemidos provides a serene escape with views of the surrounding landscape. While perhaps lesser-known than other Egyptian monuments, its historical significance and tranquil setting make it a worthwhile visit.