Château-Neuf: A Royal Fortress Turned University

Rising in the Petit Bayonne district, the Château-Neuf offers a glimpse into Bayonne's strategic past. Built in the 15th century under Charles VII and later Louis XI, the castle aimed to protect the city recently reclaimed from English rule. The name “New Castle” suggests the presence of an older counterpart, the Château-Vieux (Old Castle), located across the river.Over the centuries, the Château-Neuf underwent renovations, particularly in the 17th century when Vauban, a military engineer, enhanced its fortifications. These modifications included magazines, mills, wells, and a chapel, transforming it into a self-sufficient citadel capable of housing twelve hundred soldiers. Despite Napoleon Bonaparte's decree for its demolition in 1808, the castle was spared and later classified as a historic monument in 1931.Today, the Château-Neuf serves as part of the University of the countries of the Adour, marking a shift from military to academic pursuits. Although the building is primarily closed to the public, its exterior can be admired, and its historical significance appreciated from Place Paul Bert. The surrounding area of Bayonne, with its charming streets, cafes, and historical sites, provides a rich cultural experience for visitors.