Great Siege Tunnels, Rosia Bay Travel Guide

The Great Siege Tunnels, also known as the Upper Galleries, represent an extraordinary example of military engineering born out of necessity. During the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783), when Spanish and French forces attempted to recapture the Rock, the British garrison faced the challenge of mounting guns on the steep northern face of Gibraltar. Sergeant-Major Henry Ince of the Military Artificers proposed tunneling through the rock to reach a strategic position known as 'The Notch'.Work began in May 1782, with miners using hand tools, explosives, and sheer determination to carve out the tunnels. Initially, the goal was simply to reach 'The Notch', but as the work progressed, the engineers realized the potential for creating gun ports directly in the tunnel walls. This innovation allowed the British to target the enemy lines with greater accuracy and protection.Over time, the tunnels were expanded and equipped with cannons, transforming them into a formidable defensive system. By the end of the siege in February 1783, the tunnels stretched for hundreds of feet and housed multiple guns. Impressed by the ingenuity of the tunnels, the defeated French commander, the Duc de Crillon, remarked, 'These works are worthy of the Romans!'.In later years, the tunnel system was further expanded, particularly during World War II, when over 30 miles of new tunnels were added. Today, visitors can explore the Great Siege Tunnels and witness the historical cannons, chambers, and passageways that played a crucial role in Gibraltar's defense. Multimedia displays enhance the experience, bringing the history of the tunnels to life.