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Erbil Citadel: A Timeless Fortress

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Explore the ancient Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.

The Erbil Citadel, also known as Qalat Erbil, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements in the world, dating back to possibly the 5th millennium BC. Rising dramatically from the surrounding plain, this ancient fortress offers a glimpse into the region's rich history and cultural heritage.

A brief summary to Erbil Citadel

  • Monday 9 am-7 pm
  • Tuesday 9 am-7 pm
  • Wednesday 9 am-7 pm
  • Thursday 9 am-7 pm
  • Friday 9 am-7 pm
  • Saturday 9 am-7 pm
  • Sunday 9 am-7 pm
Eve
From Eve

Know before you go

Hi, I'm Eve. Here are a few practical things to know before exploring Erbil Citadel.

  • Visit during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and enjoy beautiful lighting for photos.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain can be uneven as you explore the winding alleys.
  • Engage with local artisans and purchase unique handcrafted souvenirs.

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Getting There

  • Walking

    The Erbil Citadel is located in the heart of Erbil and is within walking distance from most central locations. From Erbil's downtown area, the Citadel is a prominent landmark that's hard to miss. As you approach the Citadel, you'll notice the towering walls and architecture.

  • Public Transport

    While public transportation within Erbil isn't highly developed, mini-buses and shared taxis are available. Ask locals for directions to the nearest stop to catch a ride to the Citadel. Fares are generally inexpensive, but confirm the price before starting your journey.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available throughout Erbil and can be hailed on the street or arranged through your hotel. A taxi ride from the Erbil International Airport (EBL) to the Citadel is approximately 15-20 minutes, depending on traffic. Confirm the fare before starting your journey. Expect to pay around 3,000 to 5,000 IQD from the bus station to the citadel.

  • Driving

    If driving, follow signs for the city center and then to Erbil Citadel. Parking is available near the back entrance. The parking fee is approximately 1000 dinars.

Discover more about Erbil Citadel

Erbil Citadel, locally called Qellat, is more than just a historical site; it's a living testament to the enduring spirit of Erbil. This ancient city center, perched atop a tell (a mound created by successive generations building upon the ruins of their predecessors), has been inhabited for over 6,000 years and possibly longer. The Citadel has been controlled by Sumerian, Assyrian, Sassanid, Mongol, Christian, and Ottoman hands. Erbil was known as Arba Elu ('four gods') by the Babylonians and Assyrians.As you approach the Citadel, the imposing 19th-century facades create the visual impression of an impregnable fortress. The site encompasses a series of buildings and narrow alleyways that invite exploration and discovery. Inside, museums showcase artifacts and exhibitions detailing the history and culture of the Kurdish people and the broader region. The Kurdish Textile Museum is located within the Citadel. The panoramic views from the Citadel provide a stunning backdrop, with the sprawling city of Erbil laid out below.The Citadel is a maze of alleyways where the ancient commercial heart of the city beats strongly to this day. The mosque dates back to the 13th century. The hammam dates back to the 1700s. In 2014, Erbil Citadel was inscribed as a World Heritage site. Restoration began in 2010, and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) has budgeted $13 million for the restoration project.

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