Sassi di Matera: Ancient Cave Dwellings

The Sassi di Matera are a captivating network of cave dwellings and structures carved into the calcarenitic rock, also known as 'tufo', in the city of Matera. This area, comprising the Sasso Barisano and Sasso Caveoso districts, represents one of the oldest continuously inhabited human settlements, with evidence of habitation dating back over 9,000 years. Originally, the Sassi were natural caves that were later transformed into homes, churches, and workshops. Over centuries, the inhabitants adapted and expanded these dwellings, creating a unique architectural landscape where houses are built into and on top of each other. The Sassi showcase a remarkable example of how people have utilized natural resources like water, soil, and energy to create sustainable communities. In the mid-20th century, the Sassi were associated with poverty and unsanitary living conditions, leading to the relocation of many residents to modern housing. However, in recent decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in preserving and revitalizing the Sassi. Today, the Sassi di Matera are a thriving tourist destination, offering visitors a chance to explore ancient cave dwellings, rock-cut churches adorned with Byzantine frescoes, and a maze of narrow streets and stairways. Recognized for their outstanding universal value, the Sassi were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993 and named the European Capital of Culture in 2019.