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Shouf Biosphere Reserve & Niha Fortress: A Dual Lebanese Treasure

Discover ancient ruins and natural wonders at the Shouf Biosphere Reserve, home to the historic Niha Fortress in the heart of Lebanon.

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Explore Lebanon's natural beauty and ancient history at the Shouf Biosphere Reserve, home to the iconic Niha Fortress. Hike through cedar forests and discover a troglodyte fortress with a rich, layered past dating back to the 10th century.

A brief summary to Shouf Biosphere Reserve /Niha Fortress

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable hiking shoes to explore the rugged terrain around the Niha Fortress and within the Shouf Biosphere Reserve.
  • Visit during the spring or fall for pleasant weather and optimal hiking conditions.
  • Pack water and snacks, especially if you plan on hiking, as facilities may be limited.
  • Check the Shouf Biosphere Reserve website for updated information on opening hours and any seasonal closures.
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Getting There

  • Car

    From Beirut, take the coastal highway south towards Damour (approximately 20 km). From Damour, follow the road to Beiteddine, passing through Kfarhim. Continue towards Maasser Beiteddine, then take a left towards Barouk and Ain Zhalta. From there, follow signs to Niha and the Shouf Biosphere Reserve. Note that driving on the mountain roads requires caution.

  • Public Transport

    Take a shared taxi or bus from Beirut to a major town in the Shouf area, such as Barouk or Deir el Qamar. From there, you can hire a local taxi to take you to the Niha Fortress entrance of the Shouf Biosphere Reserve. Confirm the fare with the taxi driver before starting your journey. Fares can range from 5,000 to 15,000 LBP depending on the distance.

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Discover more about Shouf Biosphere Reserve /Niha Fortress

The Shouf Biosphere Reserve, encompassing the Niha Fortress, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historical intrigue in the heart of Lebanon. Stretching across 5% of Lebanon's total area, the reserve is a haven for biodiversity and sustainable tourism. Within its borders lies the ancient Niha Fortress, also known as the Cave of Tyron, a troglodyte fortification carved into a cliff face. The Niha Fortress boasts a history stretching back to 975 AD. Its strategic location overlooking the Bisri and Aray valleys made it a coveted stronghold throughout the centuries. Control of the fortress shifted between Crusaders and local Muslims until its destruction in 1261. It was later rebuilt in 1270 by Mamluk leader Baibars. The fortress also served as a refuge for Emir Qorqmaz Maan in 1585 and possibly later for Emir Fakhreddine II in 1633 before his execution. The cave-like structure extends over a hundred meters, featuring chambers and rooms excavated to house soldiers and store provisions. A water collection system and a spring provided essential resources for the fortress inhabitants. Today, the Shouf Biosphere Reserve is a popular destination for hiking, trekking, and exploring Lebanon's rich cultural and natural heritage. Visitors can explore the fortress and wander through the diverse ecosystems of the reserve, including the famous cedar forests. The reserve is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including mammals like the wolf and the Lebanese jungle cat, as well as over 200 species of birds.

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