Emerald Mound: A Glimpse into Mississippi's Ancient Past

Emerald Mound, a National Historic Landmark, stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Mississippi Valley. Located approximately 10 miles northeast of Natchez, this remarkable earthwork is the second-largest Mississippian Period ceremonial mound in the United States, surpassed only by Monk's Mound at Cahokia, Illinois. Constructed between 1200 and 1730 CE, Emerald Mound served as a ceremonial center for the ancestors of the Natchez Indians. These early inhabitants, part of the widespread American Indian population residing in the Mississippi Valley, were skilled farmers who cultivated squash, beans, and corn to support their communities. The mound itself was built by hand, with workers depositing earth along the sides of a natural hill, reshaping it into an enormous artificial plateau. This laborious task, likely spanning many years, resulted in a structure covering eight acres, measuring 770 feet by 435 feet at the base, and reaching a height of 35 feet. Atop the primary mound sit two smaller secondary mounds, bringing the total height to approximately 60 feet. The larger of these, located at the west end, measures 190 feet by 160 feet and stands 30 feet high. While several additional smaller mounds once dotted the edges of the primary mound's summit, they were unfortunately destroyed in the 19th century due to plowing and erosion. Archaeological excavations at Emerald Mound have unearthed pottery, tools, and animal remains, providing valuable insights into the lives and culture of its builders. Today, visitors can walk to the top of the mound via an established trail and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. Interpretive displays offer a glimpse into the history of the site and the people who once called it home.