Big Ben and the Elizabeth Tower: London’s Iconic Timekeeper
The Origins and Naming of the Tower
The tower now known as the Elizabeth Tower was originally called the Clock Tower when it was completed in 1859 as part of the Palace of Westminster’s reconstruction after a devastating fire in 1834. In 2012, it was renamed to honor Queen Elizabeth II’s Diamond Jubilee, aligning it with the Victoria Tower at the palace’s southern end. Despite this official name, the tower is popularly and universally called Big Ben, a nickname that actually refers to the Great Bell housed within. Theories about the bell’s nickname include it being named after Sir Benjamin Hall, a large and boisterous Commissioner of Works, or possibly after a heavyweight boxing champion of the era.[1][2][3][4]Architectural Grandeur and Design Details
Designed by Augustus Pugin in the Gothic Revival style, the Elizabeth Tower rises 96 meters (316 feet) high, making it the third-tallest clock tower in Britain. Its four clock faces sit 54.9 meters (180 feet) above ground, each composed of 324 pieces of opal glass held within cast iron frames, totaling 1,292 glass pieces. The minute hands measure 14 feet long—comparable to the height of a giraffe—while the hour hands are nearly 9 feet, about the size of an ostrich. The tower’s stone carvings and decorations include symbols representing the four countries of the United Kingdom and the Tudor dynasty, reflecting its rich historical context.[1][3]The Bells and Their Enduring Sound
Big Ben is the largest of five bells inside the tower, weighing approximately 13.7 tonnes. Unlike many might assume, the bells do not swing; instead, they are fixed and struck from the outside by hammers, producing the iconic chimes that have become synonymous with London. The Great Bell sounds an E-natural note and has famously continued to chime through historic events, including sustaining minimal damage during World War II bombings. The bell’s journey to the tower was a feat in itself, transported on a trolley pulled by sixteen horses and hoisted 61 meters to the belfry.[1][3]Visiting and Experiencing the Tower
Visitors can climb the Elizabeth Tower, though access is restricted to UK residents who must arrange tours through their Members of Parliament. The climb involves ascending 399 steps to reach the clock faces, the bell chamber, and the Ayrton Light—a lantern that illuminates the clock faces when Parliament is in session. The tower underwent extensive restoration for five years, reopening to the public in 2023. Standing beneath the tower, hearing the resonant chimes, and observing the intricate clockwork offers a unique connection to London’s historical and cultural heritage.[1][2]The Tower’s Symbolic and Cultural Significance
Beyond its architectural and mechanical marvels, the Elizabeth Tower and Big Ben symbolize British resilience and tradition. The tower’s chimes mark significant moments and parliamentary sessions, while its silhouette dominates the London skyline near Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament. It embodies the continuity of governance and the nation’s identity, making it a must-see landmark that captures both the past and present of London.Fun Facts and Lesser-Known Details
The tower has held several informal names over time, including the Clock Tower and even the incorrect St Stephen’s Tower. The Ayrton Light atop the tower is a unique feature that signals when Parliament is sitting. Despite its fame, the bells do not swing but are struck by external hammers, and the clock faces are made of hundreds of individual glass pieces. The tower’s height is equivalent to stacking 21 London buses, emphasizing its monumental scale in the cityscape.[1][4]A brief summary to Big Ben
- London, SW1A 0AA, GB
- +442072194272
- Visit website
Local tips
- Book tours of the Elizabeth Tower well in advance through a UK Member of Parliament, as public access is limited.
- Visit at different times of day to experience the tower’s chimes and see the clock faces illuminated at night.
- Explore nearby landmarks like Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament to enrich your visit.
- Wear comfortable shoes if you plan to climb the 399 steps inside the tower.
Getting There
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Underground
Take the London Underground to Westminster station, served by the Jubilee, District, and Circle lines. From there, the Elizabeth Tower is a short 5-minute walk. Trains run frequently throughout the day, and an Oyster card or contactless payment is accepted. Travel time from central London areas typically ranges from 15 to 30 minutes.
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Bus
Several London bus routes stop near Parliament Square, including routes 11, 24, 148, and 211. Buses provide a scenic approach but can be subject to traffic delays. Typical travel times vary from 20 to 45 minutes depending on your starting point. Contactless payment is accepted on board.
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Riverboat
For a unique arrival, take a Thames riverboat service to Westminster Pier, located close to the Elizabeth Tower. Services run from central piers like London Eye Pier and Tower Millennium Pier. Travel times range from 20 to 40 minutes. Tickets can be purchased on board or in advance.
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Walking
If staying nearby, walking to the tower is a pleasant option, with routes through Parliament Square and along the River Thames. Terrain is flat and suitable for most abilities, taking approximately 10 to 20 minutes from central Westminster hotels.
Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
Westminster Hall
0.1 km
Step into Westminster Hall, a majestic medieval masterpiece that has witnessed a millennium of British history, law, and monarchy.
Statue of Oliver Cromwell
0.1 km
A commanding bronze tribute to Oliver Cromwell, standing outside Westminster Hall as a symbol of Britain’s turbulent 17th-century history and contested legacy.
Millicent Garrett Fawcett Statue
0.2 km
Honoring Millicent Garrett Fawcett, the first woman commemorated in Parliament Square, inspiring equality through her iconic statue and legacy.
King Charles Street
0.2 km
Explore King Charles Street, a historic London government hub famed for its grand Victorian architecture and pivotal role in British political life.
King Charles Street Arch
0.2 km
A grand 1908 triple-arched gateway in London’s Whitehall, rich in sculptural detail and historical significance.
Statue of George V
0.2 km
A dignified white Portland stone statue honoring King George V, standing proudly in Westminster’s historic Old Palace Yard.
The Cenotaph
0.2 km
Britain’s national war memorial in Whitehall, a solemn tribute to the fallen of the World Wars and later conflicts.
Chindit Memorial
0.3 km
A solemn tribute in London honoring the daring Chindit special forces and their leader Major General Orde Wingate’s legacy.
The Women of World War II
0.3 km
A powerful bronze tribute in Whitehall honoring over seven million British women’s vital roles during World War II.
South Bank Lion
0.3 km
Majestic 1837 Coade stone lion guarding Westminster Bridge, symbolizing London’s resilience and rich heritage.
His Majesty's Treasury
0.3 km
The historic and strategic heart of the UK government’s economic policy, located in the iconic government district of Westminster, London.
10 Downing Street
0.4 km
Iconic London residence and office of the UK Prime Minister, steeped in centuries of political history and power.
Clive of India Memorial
0.4 km
A towering Edwardian statue in London commemorating Robert Clive, founder of British rule in India, embodying imperial triumph and controversy.
10 Downing St
0.4 km
Discover the historic seat of British leadership, where iconic moments and political power converge behind the famous black door.
Clive Steps
0.4 km
A Grade II-listed bronze statue commemorating the controversial architect of British imperial power in India.
Unmissable attractions to see
Bridge St
0.0 km
Historic Bridge Street in London offers riverside views, rich heritage, and vibrant urban life beside the iconic London Bridge.
Boadicea and Her Daughters
0.1 km
A commanding bronze tribute to Boudica, the fierce Celtic queen, standing proud on her chariot beside Westminster Bridge in the heart of London.
Westminster Millennium Pier
0.1 km
Experience London's iconic riverfront from Westminster Millennium Pier, your gateway to historic landmarks and scenic Thames cruises.
Westminster Pier
0.1 km
A vibrant river gateway beside iconic London landmarks, Westminster Pier invites you to explore the Thames and historic city sights from the water.
Sir Winston Churchill statue
0.1 km
Iconic bronze statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, symbolizing British resilience and leadership during World War II.
Palace of Westminster
0.1 km
Discover the architectural splendor and historical significance of the Palace of Westminster, the iconic heart of British democracy in London.
Parliament Square Garden
0.1 km
A historic green oasis in Westminster, offering iconic views and monuments at the heart of London’s political heritage.
City Cruises London Westminster Pier
0.1 km
Experience the beauty of London from the water at Westminster Pier, your gateway to unforgettable Thames River adventures.
Parliament Sq
0.2 km
Historic London square at the heart of British democracy, adorned with iconic statues and framed by world-famous landmarks.
St Margaret's Church
0.2 km
Explore the serene St Margaret's Church, a historic Anglican church in London, next to Westminster Abbey, rich in history and stunning architecture.
Westminster Bridge
0.2 km
Experience the historic charm and stunning views from Westminster Bridge, an iconic London landmark linking culture and architecture.
Mahatma Gandhi statue
0.2 km
A dignified bronze tribute to Gandhi’s peaceful legacy, standing humbly among world leaders in the heart of London’s historic Parliament Square.
The Supreme Court
0.2 km
Explore the UK's highest court in a stunning neo-Gothic building at the heart of London’s political and judicial district.
Westminster Abbey
0.2 km
Discover the majestic Gothic abbey where British monarchs have been crowned since 1066 and history echoes through every stone.
Royal Court
0.3 km
London’s Royal Court Theatre: A historic beacon for groundbreaking new plays and emerging playwrights in the heart of Sloane Square.
Essential places to dine
OKAN South Bank
0.5 km
Experience authentic Osaka-style okonomiyaki and Japanese street food in a cozy, lively South Bank eatery with friendly service and a nostalgic vibe.
Troia Southbank
0.5 km
Experience authentic Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine with halal options in a vibrant riverside setting near the London Eye.
Park Plaza London Westminster Bridge
0.5 km
Stylish 4-star hotel on London’s South Bank with exceptional dining, event spaces, and modern amenities near iconic landmarks.
The Pem
0.6 km
Elegant modern British dining in Westminster, honoring heritage with exquisite seasonal menus and refined ambiance.
Ma La Sichuan
0.6 km
Experience authentic, boldly spiced Sichuan cuisine in the heart of Westminster with vibrant flavors and a welcoming atmosphere.
Ekstedt at The Yard
0.6 km
Experience Nordic wood-fired cuisine by Michelin-starred chef Niklas Ekstedt in the historic Great Scotland Yard Hotel, blending ancient fire cooking with British seasonal ingredients.
The Garden
0.7 km
A Mediterranean-inspired garden oasis offering refined seafood and elegant dining in the heart of London’s Corinthia Hotel.
Osteria dell'Angolo
0.7 km
Classic Italian flavors and fresh pasta in a warm, elegant Westminster setting with attentive service and a visible kitchen.
The Northall
0.7 km
Refined British dining with seasonal flair in a grand, elegant setting at Corinthia London’s distinguished restaurant.
Caxton Grill
0.7 km
Refined British grill cuisine with fresh rooftop garden produce in a relaxed Westminster setting inside St Ermin’s Hotel.
Sapori
0.7 km
Enjoy authentic Italian cuisine with generous portions and a lively atmosphere in the heart of Westminster, London.
Ping Pong Southbank
0.8 km
Lively Southbank dim sum and cocktail bar blending traditional Chinese flavors with modern Asian fusion in a bustling riverside setting.
Mio Restaurant & Bar
0.8 km
Authentic Italian flavors and warm hospitality await you in this cozy central London gem with generous portions and great value.
The Archduke
0.8 km
Lively steakhouse and wine bar in Waterloo with superb Scotch beef, classic desserts, and live jazz in a buzzy, inviting atmosphere.
wagamama southbank
0.8 km
Lively riverside pan-Asian dining with fresh, bold flavors and stunning Thames views at London’s Royal Festival Hall.
Markets, malls and hidden boutiques
Jubilee Shop (Houses of Parliament Gift Shop)
0.1 km
Discover exclusive British political gifts and souvenirs inside the historic Westminster Hall at the Jubilee Shop, Houses of Parliament.
Houses of Parliament Shop
0.1 km
Discover parliamentary pride in souvenirs, books, and gifts at this cozy Bridge Street boutique, steps from Westminster's iconic halls.
Westminster Abbey Shop
0.3 km
Discover exclusive Abbey-inspired gifts and souvenirs that support Westminster Abbey’s heritage and conservation efforts.
Browns of London
0.3 km
Explore Browns of London for unique handcrafted gifts and local treasures in the heart of the city, perfect for memorable souvenirs from your travels.
Gift Shop - London Eye Shop
0.5 km
Capture London's magic at the London Eye Gift Shop: exclusive souvenirs, Thames views, and iconic keepsakes from the wheel's base.
Custom Gifts By Jupiter
0.6 km
Unleash creativity with bespoke gifts and custom decor from this South Bank artisan haven near the Thames and iconic landmarks.
Crest of London Ltd
0.7 km
Discover authentic London souvenirs and local crafts at Crest of London Ltd, your premier gift shop in historic Whitehall.
Southbank Centre Shop, Mandela Walk
0.7 km
Discover creative gifts, sustainable homewares, and arts-inspired souvenirs on vibrant Mandela Walk, opposite Royal Festival Hall—a stylish treat amid South Bank's cultural heartbeat.
Gifts of London
0.8 km
Discover unique souvenirs and gifts that embody the spirit of London at Gifts of London, your perfect shopping destination.
The Giftree London
0.9 km
Discover London's soul in souvenirs, crafts, and conveniences at this Lambeth gem—unique gifts, luggage storage, and local flair await.
Berry Bros. & Rudd Wine Shop
1.1 km
London’s oldest family-run wine merchant since 1698, blending royal tradition with expert wine and spirits in a historic Pall Mall setting.
Lock & Co. Hatters
1.1 km
Discover the world’s oldest hat shop, where centuries of British style and craftsmanship come to life in the heart of London.
John Lobb St. James
1.1 km
Where 170 years of royal patronage meets handcrafted perfection in every stitch.
Alice Through The Looking Glass
1.1 km
Step into a whimsical world of antiques, art, and literary treasures inspired by Alice in Wonderland in the heart of London’s Cecil Court.
The LEGO® Store Leicester Square
1.2 km
Explore the world’s largest LEGO® Store in Leicester Square, London—two floors of interactive fun, iconic models, and endless creativity.
Essential bars & hidden hideouts
The Red Lion, Parliament Street
0.2 km
A venerable Westminster corner pub — late‑Victorian fittings, political atmosphere and a long history beside Downing Street and Parliament.
Westminster Arms
0.4 km
Historic Westminster pub with parliamentary division bell, Shepherd Neame ales, and cozy alcoves steps from Abbey and Parliament—timeless British charm in political heart.
Le Champagne Bar
0.5 km
A compact riverside champagne lounge beside the London Eye—perfect for a celebratory flute and framed Thames views.
Two Chairmen
0.5 km
Traditional Westminster pub serving hearty pies, fresh ales, and classic British cheer just steps from St. James's Park and Parliament.
Blue Boar Pub
0.5 km
Traditional Westminster pub serving hearty British classics in a cozy, historic setting near Abbey and Parliament—perfect for ales, roasts, and relaxed evenings.
Primo Bar, London
0.5 km
Sophisticated South Bank cocktails and live jazz with Big Ben views—Primo Bar blends daytime lounge ease with electrifying nightly performances in stylish 60s-inspired surrounds.
The Spy Bar
0.6 km
Step into London’s secret subterranean bar where espionage history meets masterful cocktails and exclusive, no-photos privacy.
All Bar One Waterloo
0.6 km
Sophisticated South Bank bar serving creative cocktails, sharing plates, and wines in a lively spot near Waterloo Station and the London Eye.
Slug & Lettuce - County Hall
0.6 km
Chic South Bank cocktail haven in County Hall: bottomless brunches, 2-for-1 sips, pub classics, and Thames views for London's liveliest lunches and nights out.
The Thirsty Farrier Cocktail Bar
0.6 km
A vibrant London cocktail bar offering expertly crafted seasonal drinks with scenic riverside views and a welcoming atmosphere.
Bar @ 26 Leake Street
0.7 km
Experience London’s vibrant street art and nightlife culture at 26 Leake Street, a unique cocktail bar and event venue in Waterloo’s iconic graffiti tunnels.
Old Shades
0.7 km
Historic Whitehall pub pouring cask ales and pub classics since 1898, steps from Trafalgar Square—a true taste of London tradition.
Waterloo Lost Property Office Speakeasy
0.7 km
Discover a hidden 1920s-inspired speakeasy in Waterloo serving expertly crafted cocktails in a seductive, vintage setting.
Adam & Eve
0.8 km
Classic Westminster pub pouring real ales and hearty grub amid historic streets—a cozy haven near Parliament and the Abbey for authentic London pints.
Southbank Centre, Members Bar
0.8 km
Elevated wine bar with Thames panoramas and cultured calm atop Royal Festival Hall—perfect for drinks amid London's arts heartbeat.
Nightclubs & after hour spots
Cirque Du Soul
0.6 km
Dive into Leake Street's graffiti tunnel for soul-stirring electronic nights at this underground nightclub haven.
We Are Waterloo
0.6 km
Dive into Leake Street's graffiti heart where street art meets thumping beats in London's ultimate underground nightclub haven.
STRAWBERRY SUNDAE
0.6 km
Retro rave haven in Waterloo Arches: Daytime hardcore beats, 90s DJ legends, and industrial euphoria from midday to midnight.
Heaven
0.8 km
London’s iconic gay superclub under the railway arches — big nights, loud music, drag, and late finishes in the heart of the West End.
TSQ Club
0.8 km
Dive into Trafalgar Square's nightlife pulse at TSQ Club, where eclectic beats, dazzling lights, and craft cocktails fuel unforgettable weekend nights in London's heart.
Proud Late
1.1 km
Dive into two-storey glamour under Waterloo Bridge: cabaret acrobatics, burlesque dazzle, supper feasts, and non-stop clubbing till 5am in London's West End nightlife epicenter.
Tiger Tiger London
1.1 km
Experience London’s iconic Haymarket nightclub with six vibrant rooms, lively DJs, and a dynamic party atmosphere just moments from Piccadilly Circus.
The Scotch of St James
1.2 km
Legendary Mayfair speakeasy where 60s rock stars jammed and today's elite dance till dawn in velvet-clad intimacy.
Luxe Club
1.2 km
Experience London's vibrant nightlife at Luxe Club, a central hotspot for music, dancing, and late-night entertainment.
Zoo Bar & Club
1.2 km
Dive into Leicester Square's edgy nightlife hub: two floors of R&B beats, sports screens, and wild energy until 3am at Zoo Bar & Club.
Café de Paris
1.2 km
Step into London’s iconic West End nightclub where history, glamour, and electrifying cabaret create unforgettable nights.
The Penthouse London
1.2 km
A compact, rooftop nightclub above Leicester Square — reached by a side lift, built for late‑night private parties and skyline glimpses.
Whatdafunk Presents West End Urban Disco
1.3 km
Dive into London's grooviest urban disco beats at Whatdafunk, where Covent Garden's streets pulse with funk, soul, and non-stop dance energy in the heart of the West End.
The Windmill Soho | Restaurant, Cabaret & Nightclub in Soho, London
1.4 km
Soho's legendary cabaret den revived: burlesque bites, theatrical feasts, and all-night beats in a historic hotspot of hedonism.
The Cuckoo Club
1.4 km
Exclusive Mayfair nightclub and restaurant blending glamorous design, contemporary cuisine, and vibrant nightlife in London’s upscale scene.
