Anchor Close, Edinburgh: A Historic Passage in the Old Town

Historic Origins and Architectural Character

Anchor Close dates back to around 1521 and is one of Edinburgh’s many medieval closes—narrow alleyways that once served as access routes to residences and businesses off the Royal Mile. The close was named after The Anchor Tavern, recorded there in 1714, which was a popular meeting place for local clubs and societies. On the east side of the close stand two surviving 17th-century buildings, originally four storeys high, showcasing traditional Old Town architecture with their sandstone facades and period details.

Cultural and Literary Significance

Anchor Close holds notable cultural importance, having been home to the Crochallan Fencibles, a convivial gentlemen’s club which included prominent figures such as the printer William Smellie, founder of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The close played a role in the literary history of Scotland, with Burns’ works printed there and musical compositions for his songs created by club members. Additionally, Sir Walter Scott’s parents once lived in the close until 1771, adding to its rich heritage.

Connection to Cockburn Street and Urban Evolution

The close intersects with Cockburn Street, a Victorian-era thoroughfare constructed in 1859 to improve access between the Royal Mile and Waverley Station. The creation of Cockburn Street involved the demolition of several older closes, altering the medieval street pattern but preserving Anchor Close as a historic remnant. Cockburn Street itself is known for its Scots Baronial architectural style, with turrets and decorative stonework, providing a striking backdrop to Anchor Close’s more intimate scale.

Atmosphere and Visitor Experience

Today, Anchor Close offers visitors an atmospheric journey into Edinburgh’s past, with its cobbled surfaces and historic buildings evoking the city’s medieval origins. The close’s narrowness and preserved architecture create a sense of stepping back in time amid the vibrant activity of the surrounding Old Town. Nearby shops, cafes, and cultural landmarks enhance the experience, making it a rewarding stop for history enthusiasts and those seeking to explore Edinburgh’s hidden corners.

Preservation and Legacy

The preservation of Anchor Close reflects Edinburgh’s broader commitment to maintaining its historic Old Town fabric. The close is a tangible link to the city’s social and cultural history, embodying stories of community, literature, and urban development. Its survival amidst modern changes highlights the balance between conservation and progress that defines much of Edinburgh’s character.

Notable Nearby Sites

Anchor Close’s proximity to Cockburn Street connects it to a network of historic closes and landmarks, including Mary King’s Close beneath the City Chambers and the Scotsman Building on Cockburn Street. These sites collectively offer insights into Edinburgh’s layered history, from medieval times through the Victorian era to the present day.