Herat Citadel, Drangiana Travel Guide

The Citadel of Herat, or Arg-e Herat, stands as a powerful reminder of Afghanistan's long and turbulent history [4]. Believed to have been founded by Alexander the Great in 330 BC, the citadel has been rebuilt and repurposed by numerous empires, including the Timurids, Mughals, and Afghans [4, 6]. The current structure largely dates back to the 15th century, showcasing Timurid-era architecture with its towering walls, imposing towers, and large courtyards [5, 9].Throughout its history, the citadel has served as a center of governance, a military garrison, and even a prison [5, 9]. In 2005, the Afghan army handed it over to the Ministry of Information, Culture, and Tourism, opening its doors to the public [9]. Extensive renovations between 2006 and 2011 have helped to restore the citadel to its former glory, with skilled Afghan craftsmen contributing to the effort [4]. Today, visitors can explore the citadel's ramparts, take in panoramic views of Herat, and visit the National Museum of Herat, housed within its walls [9].The citadel is divided into two main enclosures and features 18 towers rising over 30 meters [6, 9]. The walls, in some places two meters thick, are made of baked brick and provide a glimpse into the defensive strategies of the past [6, 9]. Archaeological excavations are ongoing in the main courtyard, revealing more about the citadel's rich history [9]. A small hammam with damaged but beautifully painted walls depicting flowers and peacocks can also be seen [9].