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Kabul Fortress: A Historic Citadel

Explore the historic Kabul Fortress, a silent witness to centuries of Afghan history, offering panoramic views and a tangible connection to the city's resilient spirit.

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Kabul Fortress, also known as Bala Hissar ('High Fort'), is an ancient citadel with origins tracing back to the 5th century AD. Situated on a strategic hill, it has served as a royal palace, military stronghold, and focal point in Afghan history, witnessing the rise and fall of empires [2, 4].

A brief summary to Kabul Fortress

  • G54R+9FR, Kabul, AF

Local tips

  • Check local security conditions before visiting, as access can be affected by the current situation in Kabul [3].
  • Wear comfortable shoes suitable for walking on uneven terrain, as the fortress grounds are not entirely smooth [3].
  • Hire a local guide to learn more about the history and significance of the Bala Hissar, as information on-site may be limited [3].
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Getting There

  • Taxi/Ride-Share

    From most locations in central Kabul, the most practical way to reach Kabul Fortress is by taxi or ride-sharing service [2]. A short taxi ride from the city center, such as from Pashtunistan Square, will typically cost between 150 to 200 AFN, depending on traffic and negotiation [2]. Be sure to agree on the fare before starting your journey. The ride should take approximately 10-15 minutes, depending on traffic conditions [2]. Inform the driver you wish to go to Qale'H-Ye-Balahissar [2].

  • Public Transport

    Alternatively, you can use public transport [2]. Take a Millie Bus towards the Kabul-Gardez Highway [2]. The fare is around 20 AFN [2]. From the drop-off point on the highway, you may need to walk a bit or take a short taxi ride (approx. 100 AFN) to the fortress entrance [2]. This option is more budget-friendly but less direct [2, 3].

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Discover more about Kabul Fortress

The Kabul Fortress, or Bala Hissar, is an ancient and historically significant citadel located in Kabul, Afghanistan [2]. Its origins trace back to around the 5th century AD, though archaeological findings suggest settlements in the area dating as far back as the 6th century BCE [2, 4]. Situated on a strategic hill at the southern edge of old Kabul, the fortress commands a dominant view of the city and surrounding landscape [2]. Throughout its long history, Bala Hissar has served as a royal palace, a military stronghold, and a focal point for pivotal events in Afghan and regional history [2]. The fortress was besieged and conquered by Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, in 1504, marking the beginning of its prominence [2, 4]. Under Mughal rule, particularly during the reign of Akbar, Bala Hissar became the primary residence of the governor of Kabul Subah [2]. The Mughals significantly expanded and fortified the citadel, constructing palaces, audience halls, and gardens, transforming it into a palace-fortress comparable to those in Agra and Lahore [2]. Following the decline of the Mughal Empire, Bala Hissar fell into the hands of various rulers, including Persians and the Durranis [2]. In 1773, Timur Shah Durrani shifted the Durrani capital to Kabul and occupied the fortress, rebuilding a palace and using the upper part as a state prison and arsenal [2, 4]. His successor, Shah Shuja Durrani, further developed the fortress, replacing many earlier Mughal constructions [2]. As Kabul's principal fortress, Bala Hissar was the stage for several critical events during the First and Second Anglo-Afghan Wars [2, 4]. The British destroyed much of the fortress in 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War [2]. Today, Bala Hissar remains an Afghan military base [5]. While little remains above ground, the site holds archaeological potential, with modern constructions risking further destruction of remains dating back to the 2nd century B.C [5]. Tanks and war wreckage from the last 30 years are scattered on the hillside, which is built upon tunnels and underground storage [4]. Trenches from previous warfare encircle the upper level, adorned with the Afghan flag [4].

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