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Shahr-e Zohak: The Red City of Bamiyan
Explore the historic Red City of Shahr-e Zohak in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, offering stunning views and a glimpse into the region's Silk Road past.
Explore the dramatic ruins of Shahr-e Zohak, an ancient fortress also known as the Red City, located 9 kilometers east of Bamiyan. Perched at the confluence of the Bamiyan and Kalu rivers, this historic site offers panoramic views and a glimpse into Afghanistan's turbulent past along the ancient Silk Road [2].
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A brief summary to SHAHR-E-ZOHAK
Opening times, essentials, and a few local tips gathered into one calmer, easier-to-scan planning section.
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RXGM+75F, Tupchi, AF
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Shahr-e Zohak, or the Red City, is an ancient fortress located in the Bamiyan Province of Afghanistan, approximately 9 kilometers east of Bamiyan city [2]. The name 'Red City' comes from the reddish hue of the rock foundations [2]. Strategically positioned at the confluence of the Bamiyan and Kalu rivers, it served as a crucial defensive site for the Bamiyan Valley for centuries [2, 5].Its origins trace back to the 6th century AD, with significant development during the Ghorid dynasty in the 12th and 13th centuries [2]. The fortress was built by the Ghorids on foundations dating back to the 6th century [2]. The name 'Zohak' is derived from a mythical serpent-haired king in Persian literature [2, 5]. The fortress commands a panoramic view of the valley, allowing its occupants to monitor and control access to this vital region [2]. Its location made it a key point along the ancient Silk Road, facilitating trade and cultural exchange [2, 3].Shahr-e Zohak flourished as a center of power and defense under the Ghorids, housing a population of around 3,000 people within its walls [2, 6]. The fortress featured sophisticated fortifications, including ramparts, watchtowers, and a citadel protected by multiple layers of walls [2, 5]. In 1221, the Mongol army led by Genghis Khan besieged the city [2]. During the siege, Mutukhan, Genghis Khan's grandson, was killed by an arrow shot from within the fortress [2, 6]. Enraged, Genghis Khan ordered the complete destruction of Shahr-e Zohak and the massacre of its inhabitants [2, 6]. Legend says the red color of the city's stones comes from the blood spilled during this event [2, 6].Despite the destruction, Shahr-e Zohak was later rebuilt but never regained its former glory [2]. Today, the ruins offer a glimpse into Afghanistan's rich history [3]. Exploring the site allows visitors to imagine life within the fortress and appreciate its strategic importance [2]. The panoramic views from the top are breathtaking, showcasing the Bamiyan Valley and the confluence of the rivers [2]. Visitors should exercise caution and stick to marked paths due to potential landmines [2].
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Getting There
Public Transport
From Bamiyan Bazaar, shared taxis are available for around 150 AFS per person [2, 6]. Ask to be dropped off at Tupchi village or the Shashpul checkpoint [2]. From the checkpoint, it's approximately a 1 km walk to the village of Kalu, where the trail to Shahr-e Zohak begins [2]. A Bamiyan Entrance Ticket, costing 300 AFS, is required and will be checked by soldiers at the Shashpul checkpoint [2, 6]. Purchase this ticket beforehand from the Director of Information & Culture in Bamiyan, located in front of the Buddha Niches [2].
Taxi/Ride-Share
From Bamiyan city center, the most practical way to reach Shahr-e Zohak is by taxi or hired car [2]. Negotiate a round-trip fare with the driver, typically ranging from 500 to 1,000 AFS [2, 6, 7]. The journey takes approximately 25 minutes to Tupchi village or the Shashpul checkpoint, located near the confluence of the Bamiyan and Kalu rivers [2]. Ensure the driver knows to drop you at Shashpul checkpoint [2]. From there, it's a 1 km walk to the base of the fortress [2]. A Bamiyan Entrance Ticket, costing 300 AFS, is required and will be checked by soldiers at the Shashpul checkpoint [2]. Purchase this ticket beforehand from the Director of Information & Culture in Bamiyan, located in front of the Buddha Niches [2].
Walking
The final ascent to the Shahr-e Zohak ruins from Kalu village involves a steep, approximately 1km uphill walk [2]. Follow the trail marked with red stones, taking extreme caution not to stray from the path due to potential landmines [2]. The walk takes about 30-45 minutes, depending on fitness level [2]. There are no costs associated with walking, but the 300 AFS Bamiyan Entrance Ticket is still required [2].
A brief summary to SHAHR-E-ZOHAK
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