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Hole in the Rock: A Window to Phoenix History

Explore a prehistoric landmark in Papago Park with stunning city views, hiking trails, and a glimpse into ancient Hohokam history.

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Hole in the Rock, a unique geological formation in Phoenix's Papago Park, offers stunning views and a glimpse into the past. This red sandstone butte, formed millions of years ago, features openings created by erosion and was historically used by the Hohokam people as a solar calendar. Today, it's a popular spot for hiking and photography.

A brief summary to Hole in the Rock

Local tips

  • Visit during the cooler months (fall and spring) for the most comfortable hiking experience.
  • Arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid crowds and capture the best lighting for photos.
  • Wear sturdy shoes with good grip, as the trail can be uneven in places.
  • Bring water and sunscreen, even on cooler days, to protect yourself from the desert sun.
  • Combine your visit with other attractions in Papago Park, such as the Phoenix Zoo or the Desert Botanical Garden.
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Getting There

  • Driving

    The Hole-in-the-Rock trailhead parking lot is located at 625 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008. From downtown Phoenix, take AZ-202 or S Mill Avenue to Papago Park. Follow Galvin Parkway to the parking area near the Phoenix Zoo. Parking is free. Limited parking is available, and it can fill up quickly, especially during peak season. An alternative parking location is across the street at the Phoenix Zoo.

  • Public Transport

    Take the Valley Metro bus route #3 from Van Buren Street and Central Avenue to the Phoenix Zoo. Exit in front of the zoo, which is a short walk to the Hole-in-the-Rock trailhead. A single bus fare costs $2. Alternatively, take the Valley Metro Rail to the 44th St/Washington station, then transfer to the #44 bus to 44th St & McDowell Rd, then transfer to the #17 bus to McDowell Rd & Karsten Wy. From there it is a short walk to Papago Park. The total cost is $4.

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Discover more about Hole in the Rock

Hole in the Rock, located in Papago Park, is a captivating natural landmark with a rich history. This red sandstone formation, estimated to be millions of years old, was shaped by erosion, resulting in the unique openings that give it its name. Historically, the Hohokam people, who inhabited the Sonoran Desert, utilized the Hole in the Rock as a solar calendar. By observing the sunlight's position through the openings, they tracked the seasons and marked significant dates like the solstices and equinoxes. Some believe they even carved markers to aid in these measurements. Today, visitors can explore the Hole in the Rock via a short, easy trail. A gentle climb leads to the main opening, offering panoramic views of Papago Park, the Phoenix skyline, and the surrounding desert landscape. Inside the formation, a rock staircase allows exploration of the "cave-like" interior. The site is particularly popular for photographers, especially during sunrise and sunset when the rocks glow with vibrant colors. Papago Park itself has a diverse history, having served as a Native American reservation, a fish hatchery during the Great Depression, a POW camp during World War II, and a VA hospital. Today, the park is a recreational hub offering hiking trails, fishing lagoons, picnic areas, and access to the Phoenix Zoo and Desert Botanical Garden.

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