Lori Castle: A Medieval Armenian Fortress

Lori Castle, or Lori Berd, is a captivating medieval fortress located 5 km from Stepanavan, nestled in the Lori Province of Armenia. Founded in the 11th century by King David Anhoghin (1005-1020), it became the capital of the Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget in 1065. The fortress occupies a strategic position on a plateau 1,490 meters above sea level, at the intersection of the Dzoraget and Miskhana rivers, offering natural defenses on three sides.During its peak between the 11th and 13th centuries, Lori Berd was a significant political and commercial center, home to over 10,000 residents. Positioned along a key northern trade route, it connected major cities like Ani, Dvin, Dmanisi, and Tbilisi. The fortress saw numerous rulers, including the Seljuks, Georgians, and Armenian Zakaryan family. In 1236, Mongol forces destroyed the city, though it was later rebuilt and remained a vital military stronghold until the 18th century.Today, visitors can explore the remains of the fortress, including portions of the fortification walls, bathhouses, and a civic building that was later converted into a church. Excavations have revealed fascinating artifacts, such as tools, ornaments, ceramics and coins, indicating the region's extensive trade connections. The site also features a medieval bridge, showcasing Armenian engineering from the 11th-12th centuries. Restoration works are ongoing to preserve this important historical site.