Sheikh Salman bin Ahmed Fort: A Window to Bahrain's Past

Sheikh Salman bin Ahmed Fort, also known as Riffa Fort or Qal'at ar-Riffa, is a majestic fortress located in the eastern part of Riffa, Bahrain. This historical landmark, built in 1812 during the reign of Sheikh Salman bin Ahmed Al-Fateh Al Khalifa, offers visitors a unique glimpse into Bahrain's rich cultural heritage and the legacy of the ruling Al Khalifa family. Perched on a cliff, the fort commands stunning views of the desert valley that stretches between the old town of East Riffa and the newer West Riffa. Its strategic location highlights its historical importance as both a defensive structure and a royal residence. The fort's origins trace back to the 17th century, with the first fortification likely constructed during that time. Historical records mention a British commander who visited the fort and documented entering through a tunnel to sign a treaty in an underground chamber, though neither the tunnel nor the chamber has been located to this day. In the early 18th century, Fareer bin Rahhal built a fort on the site, but it eventually fell into ruin. Sheikh Salman bin Ahmed Al Fateh of the Al Khalifa family chose Riffa as his residence and reconstructed the fort in 1812, utilizing the old foundations. This distinguished it from other forts in Bahrain, as it served not only as a defensive structure but also as the residence of the ruling Al Khalifa family. The fort holds historical significance as the birthplace of Sheikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa, the Bahraini ruler, in 1848. Throughout the 20th century, the fort underwent several renovations and periods of disrepair. In the early 20th century, Sheikh Humood bin Subah Al Khalifa rebuilt parts of the fort. By the end of the 20th century, however, the fort had fallen into disrepair. It was then completely restored and opened for visitors. The fort has a square ground plan with two circular and two rectangular towers at its corners, with the northeastern tower serving as the gate tower. Inside there are three courtyards. Visitors can explore the beautifully restored interiors, which showcase traditional architecture, while informative displays provide context to the fort's significance. The fort also houses a museum displaying artifacts related to the royal family, including swords, jewelry, daggers, hunting tools, and falconry equipment. The fort also includes the Saffron Café, which overlooks the picturesque Al-Haniniya Valley.