Fabrika Hill: A Window to Paphos's Past

Fabrika Hill, a low-lying elevation northeast of the Paphos Archaeological Park, is a site brimming with historical significance and offering stunning panoramic views of Paphos. The hill's name originates from a cotton factory that operated here during the Frankish period, but its history stretches back millennia, revealing a rich tapestry of human activity from the Hellenistic era to Turkish times.Archaeological excavations have unearthed a variety of structures and artifacts, including houses, fortifications, tombs, places of worship, and temporary accommodations, providing valuable insights into the lives of those who inhabited this area throughout different periods. The hill's strategic location and geological features made it a natural source of building materials, influencing its development and use over centuries.During the Hellenistic period, Fabrika Hill became an integral part of Nea Paphos, which was founded in the late 4th century BC. The area was transformed into an important district during the later Roman era, featuring modern buildings and infrastructure, including sophisticated water supply systems. Residential remains from these periods, including two Hellenistic and Roman-era houses, can still be seen today. One house boasts a clay water supply and a pebble mosaic floor that once adorned a banquet hall , while the second house, dating back to the 1st century AD, features salvaged cisterns and remnants of frescoes.One of the most significant discoveries on Fabrika Hill is the ancient theatre, constructed around 300 BC on its southern slope. This theatre, used for over six centuries, stands as a testament to the importance of theatrical performances in the ancient world. The theatre could accommodate over 8,500 spectators at its peak during the reign of the Antonine Emperors in the 2nd century AD. Surrounding the theatre, archaeologists have found remnants of the Roman city, including a Nymphaeum (public fountain) to the southeast.Exploration of the cave complex reveals a labyrinth of tunnels and underground rooms, initially catacombs from the Hellenistic period used as a cemetery. Later, these caves served as homes for Christians fleeing Roman persecution. The caves are seemingly endless, with many dark nooks and crannies to explore. The size of the cave complex suggests that it once sheltered hundreds, if not thousands, of people seeking refuge. Today, visitors can access a viewing platform at the top of Fabrika Hill, providing panoramic views of Kato Paphos and the surrounding coastline.