Forty Columns Fortress: Echoes of Paphos's Past

Saranta Kolones, or Forty Columns Fortress, is a captivating historical site located within the Paphos Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage area in Cyprus. Situated just north of Paphos Harbour, the fortress stands as a testament to the island's rich and often tumultuous past.Constructed in the late 7th century AD by the Byzantines, its primary purpose was to protect the city and its port of Nea Paphos from Arab raids. The name 'Forty Columns' derives from the numerous granite columns discovered on the site, believed to be remnants of an ancient agora or marketplace. These columns, while not exactly forty in number, give a sense of the scale and grandeur of previous structures on the site.Over the centuries, the fortress underwent several transformations, including remodeling by the Lusignans. It was a formidable structure, boasting a three-meter-thick wall, eight towers, and a protective moat accessible via a wooden bridge. The central courtyard measured 35x35 meters and featured a tower at each corner, with the main entrance located on the east side through a horseshoe-shaped tower.In 1222, a devastating earthquake struck, reducing the fortress to ruins and leading to its eventual abandonment. Today, visitors can explore the evocative ruins, imagining the lives of those who defended the city. Excavations have revealed the architectural prowess of the era and continue to shed light on the fortress's history. The site offers panoramic views of the Paphos coastline, making it a popular spot for photographers and history enthusiasts alike.