The Old-New Synagogue: Prague's Ancient Sanctuary

The Old-New Synagogue, located in Prague's Josefov district, is a remarkable testament to the city's rich Jewish heritage. Completed around 1270, it is the oldest active synagogue in Europe and one of Prague's first Gothic buildings. Originally called the New or Great Shul, it later became known as the Old-New Synagogue to distinguish it from newer synagogues built in the 16th century. The synagogue's architecture is characterized by its rectangular design, high saddle roof, and late Gothic gables. Inside, the double-nave interior features six vaulted bays, influenced by the designs of monasteries and chapels of the time. The bimah, where the Torah scrolls are read, is located between two pillars, and the Aron Kodesh, where the Torah scrolls are stored, is in the middle of the eastern wall. Throughout its history, the Old-New Synagogue has been a central gathering place for Prague's Jewish community, serving not only as a place of worship but also as a meeting place, school, and rabbi's office. It has survived numerous pogroms, a devastating fire in 1689, and even the Nazi occupation during World War II, when it was preserved as a planned museum to the Jewish race. The synagogue is also shrouded in legends, including one that claims its foundation stones were brought by angels from the destroyed Temple of Jerusalem. Another legend tells of the Golem, a creature made of clay by Rabbi Loew in the 16th century to protect the Jewish community, whose remains are said to reside in the synagogue's attic. Today, the Old-New Synagogue continues to serve as a house of worship and a symbol of the enduring Jewish presence in Prague. Visitors can explore its historic interior and learn about its fascinating history and legends.