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Ancient Nymphaion: A Glimpse into Roman Daily Life

Explore the surprisingly elaborate ruins of a Roman-era public lavatory and bath complex in the heart of Kos's Western Archeological Zone.

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The Ancient Nymphaion in Kos, initially mistaken as a sanctuary to the Nymphs due to its opulence, is now understood to have been a luxurious Roman-era public lavatory and bath complex. Located within the Western Archeological Zone, it offers a unique insight into the daily life and architectural styles of the time.

A brief summary to Ancient Nymphaion

  • Kos, 853 00, GR

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the site involves walking on uneven ground and exploring ruins.
  • Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat, especially during the summer months.
  • Combine your visit with a tour of the nearby Ancient Agora and other archaeological sites in Kos Town.
  • Bring water and sunscreen, as there is limited shade available at the site.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    The Ancient Nymphaion is located within Kos Town and is easily accessible on foot from most central locations. From the harbor area or the Hippocrates tree, walk south towards the Western Archaeological Zone. The site is well-signposted. Allow approximately 10-15 minutes walking time from the town center. There are no specific costs associated with this approach.

  • Public Transport

    Local buses operate within Kos Town and can drop you off near the archaeological site. Check local bus schedules for routes that pass near the Western Archaeological Zone. A single bus fare within Kos Town typically costs around €1.50. From the bus stop, follow the signs to the Ancient Nymphaion, which is a short walk away.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available in Kos Town. A short taxi ride from the harbor or town center to the Ancient Nymphaion will cost approximately €5-€8. Confirm the fare with the driver before starting your journey. Taxis can drop you off directly at the entrance of the Western Archaeological Zone.

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Discover more about Ancient Nymphaion

The Ancient Nymphaion, situated in the Western Archeological Zone of Kos Town, offers a fascinating, if somewhat unexpected, glimpse into Roman life. What was initially believed to be a sanctuary dedicated to nymphs, due to its elaborate design and structure, is now understood to have been a monumental public toilet and bath complex. This misnomer arose from the ancient Greek and Roman tradition of Nymphaeums being monuments consecrated to nymphs, often incorporating natural grottoes and water supplies. Excavated in 1938 and restored in 1940, the Nymphaeum was part of a larger gymnasium complex dating back to the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The complex included the Acropoli, Hippodrome and temples. The structure features an inner courtyard with a well, surrounded by white marble pillars and marble floors adorned with geometric mosaics and depictions of dolphins. Terracotta water pipes are visible along the west side, near the ruins of the Roman baths, which were later converted into an Early Christian church after an earthquake in 469 AD. Adjacent to the Nymphaeum, visitors can explore the remains of a gymnasium, also known as 'Xysto', where athletes trained. Seventeen of the original Doric columns have been restored, offering a sense of the gymnasium's original grandeur. The complex also includes a swimming pool and remnants of a Roman road. The Nymphaeum provides a unique perspective on the social and athletic aspects of ancient Kos.

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