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Kirkuk Citadel: A Timeless Iraqi Landmark

Explore Kirkuk Citadel: A historic fortress with roots in 858 BC, offering a glimpse into Iraq's diverse cultural heritage.

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The Kirkuk Citadel, the oldest part of the city, rises dramatically from a 40-meter-high artificial mound. With origins stretching back to 858 BC, it has been a military defense, a religious center, and a residential area, encapsulating Kirkuk's diverse history.

A brief summary to Kirkuk Citadel

  • F99V+FX9, Kirkuk, Nahiyat Hammam, Kirkuk Governorate, 36001, IQ

Local tips

  • Visit early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and enjoy the best lighting for photography.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain within the Citadel can be uneven.
  • Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the Citadel.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From the center of Kirkuk, the Citadel is easily accessible on foot. ориентируйтесь по главной улице города и двигайтесь в направлении большого холма, на котором возвышается Цитадель. The Citadel is located in the heart of the city, making it a short walk from most central locations. No costs are associated with walking.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available throughout Kirkuk. A short taxi ride from anywhere in the city center to the Citadel should cost approximately 5,000-10,000 IQD. Be sure to agree on the fare with the driver before starting your journey.

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Discover more about Kirkuk Citadel

Kirkuk Citadel, located in the heart of Kirkuk, Iraq, is a historical treasure considered the city's oldest structure. Rising 40 meters above the Khasa River on an artificial mound, the Citadel's origins are believed to date back to 858 BC when King Ashurnasirpal II established it as a military outpost. Over the centuries, it has evolved, incorporating influences from various empires and cultures. King Seleucus I Nicator fortified the Citadel with 72 towers along its 72 streets. Within its walls, you'll find a blend of historical and religious structures. The 'Red Church,' with its pre-Islamic mosaics, is a highlight. The Great Mosque, completed in the 13th century, and the Prophet Daniel Mosque, believed to contain Daniel's tomb, are significant pilgrimage sites for Muslims and Christians. Once a vibrant residential area, the Citadel housed Kurdish and Turkoman families for generations. However, in the 1990s, Saddam Hussein initiated a campaign that led to the forced removal of residents and the destruction of many homes. Today, efforts are underway to restore the Citadel and its neighborhood, with UNESCO overseeing renovations since 2010. The goal is to revitalize this landmark and attract tourists, celebrating its rich multicultural heritage. Exploring the Citadel means wandering through narrow passageways and discovering historical corners. It's a place where the echoes of the past resonate, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Kirkuk's layered history. The Citadel was added to UNESCO's tentative list of World Heritage Sites in April 2021.

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